Bonding Pretreatment of Aesthetic Dental CAD-CAM Materials through Surface Etching with a Mixed Aqueous Solution of Ammonium Fluoride and Ammonium Hydrogen Sulfate
Yusaku Nishizawa,
Tatsuo Kawamoto,
Hiroshi Ikeda
Abstract:Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is commonly used as an etchant for the pretreatment of dental computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials, such as glass-ceramics and resin composites. Despite its effectiveness, the harmful and hazardous nature of HF has raised significant safety concerns. In contrast, ammonium fluoride (AF) is known for its relatively low toxicity but has limited etching capability. This study explored the potential of ammonium hydrogen sulfate (AHS), a low-toxicity and weak … Show more
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