Bond strength and interactions of machined titanium-based alloy with dental cements

Effect of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength of luting cements used with implant-supported prosthesis: Anin vitrostudy

“…3 Moreover, the chemical composition and polymerization of cements can produce changes in the surface characteristics of titanium; for example, as Wadhwani and Chung have noted, polycarboxylate cements that contain stannous fluoride can caused pit-shaped corrosion of titanium surfaces. 9 To avoid these problems, new types of luting cements have been introduced to the market specifically for use with implantretained prostheses. These include the eugenol-free, resinbased Premier Implant (PI) cement, as well as a resilient, urethane oligomer-based cement, Cem Implant (CI).…”

“…8 Zinc oxide-based, polycarboxylate, and glass-ionomer cements, while designed mainly for prostheses retained with natural teeth, may also be used as luting agents for implant supported prostheses. 9 However, these cements were formulated with dental hard tissue in mind and may have adverse effects on titanium surfaces as well as peri-implant tissue. For instance, polycarboxylate cement can produce corrosion and trigger color changes in titanium alloys, 10 and resin-modified glass ionomer cements can induce toxic activity, apoptosis, and inflammation of peri implant tissue 11 .…”

“…Recently, special luting cements that are compatible with titanium have been introduced for use with implantsupported restorations. 12 The bond strengths of these cements have been evaluated by several studies, 4,9,13 the results of which suggest they be classified as semi-permanent cements, with bond strengths somewhere between those of zinc oxide-based and polycarboxylate cements. While there is no consensus regarding how an ideal balance between retention and retrievability of a prosthesis can be achieved through cementation, 4 these new cements may be presumed to provide a more appropriate balance between prosthesis retention and retrievability.…”

“…Abutment surface properties and various surface modification methods have been investigated in a number of recent studies. 9,14 According to one study, modification techniques that alter the surface energy of titanium may represent the greatest potential for improvement in prosthesis retention 15 and secure an optimal balance between luting-cement bond strength and prosthesis retrievability. Methods such as sandblasting, airborne-particle abrasion, acid-etching, and the use of a diamond rotary to create circumferential grooves have all been reported to modify titanium surfaces and thus improve luting-cement bond strengths.…”

“…11,16,17 For example, Al Hamad et al found that sandblasting of abutment surfaces had a greater effect on luting-cement bond strength than increases in abutment length. 18 Another new method that has been introduced to improve the surface energy of titanium is non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment, 9 which involves the application of various gases, such as oxygen plasma, under atmospheric pressure in order to increase titanium wettability. 19,20 NTP has been shown to achieve changes in surface chemistry without any cytotoxic effects.…”