Plasmonic metal nanoparticles offer an interesting alternative
to traditional heterogeneous catalytic processes due to their ability
to harness energy from light. While plasmonic photocatalysis is a
well-known phenomenon, the exact mechanism of these reactions is still
debated. Understanding the precise workings of plasmon-driven reactions
is crucial for the rational design of novel catalytic structures.
Here, we utilize real-time, time-dependent density functional theory
(RT-TD-DFT) to excite systems with oscillating electric fields and
track the subsequent excited state dynamics in real time. We find
that RT-TD-DFT with Ehrenfest dynamics gives results that are consistent
with experimental tests of plasmonic excitations, in that the presence
of nanoparticles facilitates light-induced molecular dissociation.
Our results also demonstrate that the electric-field enhancement is
the primary driving factor for the plasmon-driven dissociation of
O2 on Au and Ag nanoparticles, while for N2 dissociation,
both charge transfer and field enhancement appear to play important
roles. Additionally, charge density and density of states calculations
indicate that these excitations are π → π* on short
time scales and a mixture of π, σ → π*, σ*
over time.