Bond Formation By Wood Surface Reactions Part Iv Analysis of Furfuryl Alcohol, Tannin and Maleic Acid Bridging Agents

Activation of Wood Surface and Nonconventional Bonding

“…The chemistry of nonconventional bonding involving a crosslinking mixture of tannin, furfuryl alcohol, and maleic acid in con junction with surface activation by HN03 were studied by DSC, and IR, UV, and NMR spectroscopies (179 it would be surprising if various acid dehydration-condensation cross-linking reactions taking place with carbohydrates and lignosul fonates or by phenolic oxidative coupling of lignosulfonates would not extend to the related constituents-cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin-on the wood surface. The question of the surface participa tion in these processes awaits additional experimentation.…”

Bonding Surface Activated Hardwood Flakeboard with Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin

“…The magnitude of surface modification exhibited on the flake surfaces äs the result of surface treatments was surprisingly minor äs well äs varied compared to studies reported in the literature on surface activation bonding (Jenkin 1976;Young et al 1982;Kelley et al 1982). No definite trends of functional group modification across species for the surface treatments examined were apparent.…”

“…It seems well established that when wood is treated with activating agents in the absence of gap filling materials, surface modification does occur in the presence of heat. Nitric acid treatment was reported to catalyze the reaction of tannin-furfuryl alcohol-maleic acid mixture in the wood surface reaction work of Kelley et al (1982). In earlier work (Gardner and Eider 1988), it was shown that surface treatments decreased the gel time of phenol-formaldehyde resin which indicates that the surface treatments'react with the resin.…”