Bombali Virus in <i>Mops condylurus</i> Bat, Kenya

Forbes, Kristian M.; Webala, Paul W.; Jääskeläinen, Anne J.; Abdurahman, Samir; Ogola, Joseph; Masika, Moses; Kivistö, Ilkka; Alburkat, Hussein; Plyusnin, Ilya; Levanov, Lev; Korhonen, Essi M.; Huhtamo, Eili; Mwaengo, Dutton; Smura, Teemu; Mirazimi, Alì; Anzala, Omu; Vapalahti, Olli; Sironen, Tarja

doi:10.3201/eid2505.181666

Cited by 85 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Given the limitations and challenges associated with isolating viruses from bats (138), these studies represent our best understanding of these interactions. Isolating bat viruses, such as recently discovered bat ebolaviruses (6,7,139) and propagating them in relevant bat cells will represent true virushost interactions and selection pressure.…”

Section: Modulation Of Antiviral Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been particularly challenging to isolate bat viruses and only fragments of viral genomes have been detected for multiple bat-borne viruses (6,7,85,151). The use of reverse genetics and molecular tools have allowed researchers to rescue bat influenza viruses (152).…”

Section: Challenges In Studying Batsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, viruses similar to those that cause serious diseases in humans and agricultural animals have been detected in bats. These include filoviruses (related to Ebola and Marburg viruses) (6)(7)(8), paramyxoviruses (related to Nipah and Hendra viruses) (9) and coronaviruses [related to viruses that cause SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)] (10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Of note, these viruses do not appear to cause disease in bats and this has led to multiple studies exploring the ability of bats to harbor these viruses with no observed clinical consequence (15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Insights Into Immune Systems of Bats

et al. 2020

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In recent years, viruses similar to those that cause serious disease in humans and other mammals have been detected in apparently healthy bats. These include filoviruses, paramyxoviruses, and coronaviruses that cause severe diseases such as Ebola virus disease, Marburg haemorrhagic fever and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in humans. The evolution of flight in bats seem to have selected for a unique set of antiviral immune responses that control virus propagation, while limiting self-damaging inflammatory responses. Here, we summarize our current understanding of antiviral immune responses in bats and discuss their ability to co-exist with emerging viruses that cause serious disease in other mammals. We highlight how this knowledge may help us to predict viral spillovers into new hosts and discuss future directions for the field.

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Section: Modulation Of Antiviral Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Challenges In Studying Batsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Insights Into Immune Systems of Bats

et al. 2020

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“…Bats are reservoirs of several emerging RNA viruses, such as filoviruses (ebolavirus and Marburg virus), paramyxoviruses (Nipah and Hendra viruses), and coronaviruses (severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS] and Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS] coronaviruses [CoVs]) that cause serious and often fatal disease in humans and agricultural animals (Anthony et al, 2017;Forbes et al, 2019;Ge et al, 2013;Swanepoel et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2019). More recently, SARS-CoV-2, which is causing the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, was determined to be 96% similar at the genomic level to a bat CoV (Bat_CoV_RaTG13) that was detected in Rhinolophus affinis (Zhou et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Selection of a Serine Residue in Bat IRF3 Confers Enhanced Antiviral Protection

et al. 2020

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“…Although virus isolates from bats are still lacking, molecular and serological evidence points towards these animals as the most likely natural virus reservoir (De Nys et al, ; Goldstein et al, ; Leroy et al, ; Ogawa et al, ; Pourrut et al, ). The recent discovery of a full‐length ebolavirus genome, designated Bombali virus (BOMV), in insectivorous bats from Sierra Leone (Goldstein et al, ) and the finding of partial BOMV nucleotide sequences in bats from Kenya (Forbes et al, ) and Guinea (Karan et al, ) underline the complexity of ebolavirus ecology and the potential role of bats in it. Moreover, the finding of BOMV adds further support to the assumed circulation of as yet undiscovered ebolaviruses with unknown zoonotic and/or pathogenic potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence of exposure to ebolaviruses in domestic pigs from Guinea

Fischer

Camara

Troupin

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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The genus Ebolavirus comprises several virus species with zoonotic potential and varying pathogenicity for humans. Ebolaviruses are considered to circulate in wildlife with occasional spillover events into the human population which then often leads to severe disease outbreaks. Several studies indicate a significant role of bats as reservoir hosts in the ebolavirus ecology. However, pigs from the Philippines have been found to be naturally infected with Reston virus (RESTV), an ebolavirus that is thought to only cause asymptomatic infections in humans. The recent report of ebolavirus‐specific antibodies in pigs from Sierra Leone further supports natural infection of pigs with ebolaviruses. However, susceptibility of pigs to highly pathogenic Ebola virus (EBOV) was only shown under experimental settings and evidence for natural infection of pigs with EBOV is currently lacking. Between October and December 2017, we collected 308 serum samples from pigs in Guinea, West Africa, and tested for the presence of ebolavirus‐specific antibodies with different serological assays. Besides reactivity to EBOV nucleoproteins in ELISA and Western blot for 19 (6.2%) and 13 (4.2%) samples, respectively, four sera recognized Sudan virus (SUDV) NP in Western blot. Furthermore, four samples specifically detected EBOV or SUDV glycoprotein (GP) in an indirect immunofluorescence assay under native conditions. Virus neutralization assay based on EBOV (Mayinga isolate) revealed five weakly neutralizing sera. The finding of (cross‐) reactive and weakly neutralizing antibodies suggests the exposure of pigs from Guinea to ebolaviruses or ebola‐like viruses with their pathogenicity as well as their zoonotic potential remaining unknown. Future studies should investigate whether pigs can act as an amplifying host for ebolaviruses and whether there is a risk for spillover events.

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Bombali Virus in Mops condylurus Bat, Kenya

Cited by 85 publications

References 11 publications

Novel Insights Into Immune Systems of Bats

Novel Insights Into Immune Systems of Bats

Positive Selection of a Serine Residue in Bat IRF3 Confers Enhanced Antiviral Protection

Serological evidence of exposure to ebolaviruses in domestic pigs from Guinea

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