Boltzmann Equation Analysis of Electron Transport in a N<sub>2</sub>–O<sub>2</sub>Streamer Discharge

Dujko, Sasa; Ebert, Ute; White, R. D.; Petrović, Zoran Lj.

doi:10.1143/jjap.50.08jc01

Cited by 34 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The collision of electrons with nitrogen and oxygen molecules, cross sections as well as their implementation have already been studied carefully in various publications (e.g. [61,62,63,64,59,65,66,67,68]). We have reviewed the collisions of electrons with methane molecules and the resulting friction force in section 2.3.…”

Section: Set-up Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streamer propagation in the atmosphere of Titan and other N2:CH4 mixtures compared to N2:O2 mixtures

Köhn

Dujko

Chanrion

et al. 2019

Icarus

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Streamers, thin, ionized plasma channels, form the early stages of lightning discharges. Here we approach the study of extraterrestrial lightning by studying the formation and propagation of streamer discharges in various nitrogen-methane and nitrogen-oxygen mixtures with levels of nitrogen from 20% to 98.4%. We present the friction force and breakdown fields E k in various N 2 :O 2 (Earth-like) and N 2 :CH 4 (Titan-like) mixtures. The strength of the friction force is larger in N 2 :CH 4 mixtures whereas the breakdown field in mixtures with methane is half as large as in mixtures with oxygen. We use a 2.5 dimensional Monte Carlo particle-in-cell code with cylindrical symmetry to simulate the development of electron avalanches from an initial electron-ion patch in ambient electric fields between 1.5E k and 3E k . We compare the electron density, the electric field, the front velocities as well as the occurrence of avalanche-to-streamer transition between mixtures with methane and with oxygen. Whereas we observe the formation of streamers in oxygen in all considered cases, we observe streamer inceptions in methane for small percentages of nitrogen or * Corresponding author: koehn@space.dtu.dk 1 for large electric fields only. For large percentages of nitrogen or for small fields, ionization is not efficient enough to form a streamer channel within the length of the simulation domain. In oxygen, positive and negative streamers move faster for small percentages of nitrogen. In mixtures with methane, electron or streamer fronts move 10-100 times slower than in mixtures with oxygen; the higher the percentage of methane, the faster the fronts move.

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Section: Set-up Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streamer propagation in the atmosphere of Titan and other N2:CH4 mixtures compared to N2:O2 mixtures

Köhn

Dujko

Chanrion

et al. 2019

Icarus

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“…where e, µ(|E|) and n e are the charge, electron mobility in N 2 and density of electrons, respectively. Electron mobilities are obtained from [24,25], where the multi term solution of Boltzmann's equation was used. If we approximate the weakly curved front by a planar front [26] and if we assume that the electric field in the non-ionised region does not change in time (∂ t E = 0 where j = 0) , i.e.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of positive streamers by double-pulse experiments, effects of repetition rate and gas mixture

Nijdam¹,

Takahashi²,

Markosyan³

et al. 2014

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

132

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Streamer discharges are often operated in a repetitively pulsed mode and are therefore influenced by species left over from the previous discharge, especially free electrons and ions. We have investigated these effects by applying two consecutive positive high voltage pulses of 200-700 ns duration to a point-plane gap in artificial air, pure nitrogen, other nitrogen-oxygen mixtures and pure argon at pressures between 67 and 533 mbar. The pulses had pulse-to-pulse intervals ( t) between 200 ns and 40 ms. We imaged both discharges with two ICCD cameras and combined this to a compound image. We observe for values of t below 0.5-15 µs (at 133 mbar, with t depending on gas mixture) that during the second pulse the streamers continue the paths of the first-pulse streamers. We call the maximal time for which this continuation still occurs the continuation time. For N 2 -O 2 mixtures, this time has a maximum at an oxygen concentration of about 0.2%. According to our plasma-chemical modelling this maximum is determined by the electron loss rate which has a minimum around this oxygen concentration. Depending on oxygen concentration the dominant recombining positive ion is N + 4 , O + 2 or O + 4 where O + 2 dominates around 0.2% O 2 and recombines slowest. For increasing values of t we observe that after the continuation phase first no new streamers occur at all, then new streamers show up that avoid the entire pre-ionized region. Next we see new thin streamers that follow the edges of the old channels. For larger t (10-200 µs) the new streamers start to increase in size and move to the centre of the old channels. Finally, around millisecond timescales the new channels are completely independent of the old channels.Together this points to the combination of two mechanisms: streamers search the proximity of regions with increased electron density, but cannot penetrate regions with very high electron density.

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“…Transport and reaction data for electrons in N 2 have been recently published [1,55,56] and in this paper the emphasis is placed upon the data for electrons in Ne. Calculations of transport data at a temperature of 293 K are performed for reduced electric fields (E/n 0 ) ranging from × − × − 1 10 1 10…”

Section: Transport Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing plasma fluid models of different order for 1D streamer ionization fronts

Markosyan

Teunissen

Dujko

et al. 2015

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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We evaluate the performance of three plasma fluid models: the first order reaction-drift-diffusion model based on the local field approximation; the second order reaction-drift-diffusion model based on the local energy approximation and a recently developed high order fluid model by Dujko et al (2013 J. Phys. D 46 475202) We first review the fluid models: we briefly discuss their derivation, their underlying assumptions and the type of transport data they require. Then we compare these models to a particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo (PIC/MC) code, using a 1D test problem. The tests are performed in neon and nitrogen at standard temperature and pressure, over a wide range of reduced electric fields. For the fluid models, transport data generated by a multi-term Boltzmann solver are used. We analyze the observed differences in the model predictions and address some of the practical aspects when using these plasma fluid models.

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Boltzmann Equation Analysis of Electron Transport in a N₂–O₂Streamer Discharge

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

Streamer propagation in the atmosphere of Titan and other N2:CH4 mixtures compared to N2:O2 mixtures

Streamer propagation in the atmosphere of Titan and other N2:CH4 mixtures compared to N2:O2 mixtures

Investigation of positive streamers by double-pulse experiments, effects of repetition rate and gas mixture

Comparing plasma fluid models of different order for 1D streamer ionization fronts

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Boltzmann Equation Analysis of Electron Transport in a N2–O2Streamer Discharge

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

Streamer propagation in the atmosphere of Titan and other N2:CH4 mixtures compared to N2:O2 mixtures

Streamer propagation in the atmosphere of Titan and other N2:CH4 mixtures compared to N2:O2 mixtures

Investigation of positive streamers by double-pulse experiments, effects of repetition rate and gas mixture

Comparing plasma fluid models of different order for 1D streamer ionization fronts

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Boltzmann Equation Analysis of Electron Transport in a N₂–O₂Streamer Discharge