Bolting, an Important Process in Plant Development, Two Types in Plants

Chen, Chen; Wen-juan, Huang; Hou, Kai; Wu, Wei

doi:10.1007/s12374-018-0408-9

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Bolting times were three to five times longer in field than in greenhouse trials. Bolting and later flowering are affected by long photoperiods and low non-freezing temperature (Chen et al 2019 ). Longer bolting times can be explained by the fact that plants in the field were exposed to a long cold and short-day period from October to March when metabolic processes were slowed down and growth and development were mostly arrested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bolting as initiation of flowering and transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is an important fitnessrelated morphological parameter for the reproductive success of a plant, as it influences seed production and therefore the survival of the species (Chen et al 2019). S1 Bolting times were three to five times longer in field than in greenhouse trials.…”

Section: Phenological Parameters Were Highly Influenced By Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold stress and freezing tolerance negatively affect the fitness of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions under field and controlled conditions

Boinot

Karakaş

Koehl

et al. 2022

Planta

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Main conclusion Higher acclimated freezing tolerance improved winter survival, but reduced reproductive fitness of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions under field and controlled conditions. Abstract Low temperature is one of the most important abiotic factors influencing plant fitness and geographical distribution. In addition, cold stress is known to influence crop yield and is therefore of great economic importance. Increased freezing tolerance can be acquired by the process of cold acclimation, but this may be associated with a fitness cost. To assess the influence of cold stress on the fitness of plants, long-term field trials over 5 years were performed with six natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana ranging from very tolerant to very sensitive to freezing. Fitness parameters, as seed yield and 1000 seed mass, were measured and correlation analyses with temperature and freezing tolerance data performed. The results were compared with fitness parameters from controlled chamber experiments over 3 years with application of cold priming and triggering conditions. Winter survival and seed yield per plant were positively correlated with temperature in field experiments. In addition, winter survival and 1000 seed mass were correlated with the cold-acclimated freezing tolerance of the selected Arabidopsis accessions. The results provide strong evidence for a trade-off between higher freezing tolerance and reproductive fitness in A. thaliana, which might have ecological impacts in the context of global warming.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phenological Parameters Were Highly Influenced By Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Cold stress and freezing tolerance negatively affect the fitness of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions under field and controlled conditions

Boinot

Karakaş

Koehl

et al. 2022

Planta

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“…Indeed, spinach’s economic value is significantly affected by the yield performance, which is greatly affected by environmental factors, including light, temperature, water, humidity, and nutrition [ 4 , 5 ]. Bolting or premature flowering, a critical event due to the coordinated effects of various environmental factors and endogenous genetic components [ 6 , 7 ], is known as one of the most important factors which can cause a large reduction in quality, productivity, and serious economic loss in spinach crop, particularly in the spring [ 8 – 10 ]. According to the time of bolting, spinach cultivars are divided into three categories: “early-bolting” cultivars, the floral stem appears earlier than 60 d after planting, “intermediate-bolting” cultivars, bolting time is between 60 and 70 d, and “late-bolting” cultivars, bolting occurs after the 70 d. Late-bolting spinach varieties can cut multiple times during the growing season and increases the overall yield because they are not sensitive to photoperiod [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome architecture reveals genetic networks of bolting regulation in spinach

et al. 2021

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Background Bolting refers to the early flowering stem production on agricultural and horticultural crops before harvesting. Indeed, bolting is an event induced by the coordinated effects of various environmental factors and endogenous genetic components, which cause a large reduction in the quality and productivity of vegetable crops like spinach. However, little is known about the signaling pathways and molecular functions involved in bolting mechanisms in spinach. The genetic information regarding the transition from vegetative growth to the reproductive stage in spinach would represent an advantage to regulate bolting time and improvement of resistant cultivars to minimize performance loss. Results To investigate the key genes and their genetic networks controlling spinach bolting, we performed RNA-seq analysis on early bolting accession Kashan and late-bolting accession Viroflay at both vegetative and reproductive stages and found a significant number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) ranging from 195 to 1230 in different comparisons. These genes were mainly associated with the signaling pathways of vernalization, photoperiod/circadian clock, gibberellin, autonomous, and aging pathways. Gene ontology analysis uncovered terms associated with carbohydrate metabolism, and detailed analysis of expression patterns for genes of Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase, TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 1, FLOWERING PROMOTING FACTOR 1, EARLY FLOWERING, GIGANTEA, and MADS-box proteins revealed their potential roles in the initiating or delaying of bolting. Conclusion This study is the first report on identifying bolting and flowering-related genes based on transcriptome sequencing in spinach, which provides insight into bolting control and can be useful for molecular breeding programs and further study in the regulation of the genetic mechanisms related to bolting in other vegetable crops.

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“…Lettuce plants tend to undergo floral initiation at temperatures higher than 20 °C and under long photoperiods [ 5 , 6 ]. Bolting refers to the rapid elongation of the inflorescence axis and stem internode [ 7 ]. The differentiation of the inflorescence meristem and the division of the intercalary meristem are both responsible for bolting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bolting coincides with the development of flower buds due to the coordinated effects of developmental and environmental factors [ 6 , 7 ]. Lettuce bolting consists of the following two developmental processes: flower initiation and stem internode elongation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

QTL Analysis of Stem Elongation and Flowering Time in Lettuce Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing

Lee

Fukushima

Park

et al. 2021

Genes

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Lettuce plants tend to undergo floral initiation by elongation of flower stalks (bolting) under high-temperature and long-day conditions, which is a serious problem for summer lettuce production. Our objective was to generate a high-density genetic map using SNPs obtained from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis of F5 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and to map QTLs involved in stem growth and flowering time in lettuce. A set of 127 intra-specific RIL mapping populations derived from a cross between two varieties, green and red leaf lettuce, were used to identify QTLs related to the number of days from sowing to bolting (DTB), to flowering of the first flower (DTF), to seed-setting of the first flower (DTS), and the total number of leaves (LN), plant height (PH), and total number of branches of main inflorescence (BN) for two consecutive years. Of the 15 QTLs detected, one that controls DTB, DTF, DTS, LN, and PH detected on LG 7, and another QTL that controls DTF, DTS, and PH detected on LG 1. Analysis of the genomic sequence corresponding to the QTL detected on LG 7 led to the identification of 22 putative candidate genes. A consistent QTL related to bolting and flowering time, and corresponding candidate genes has been reported. This study will be valuable in revealing the genetic basis of stem growth and flowering time in lettuce.

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Bolting, an Important Process in Plant Development, Two Types in Plants

Cited by 24 publications

References 58 publications

Cold stress and freezing tolerance negatively affect the fitness of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions under field and controlled conditions

Cold stress and freezing tolerance negatively affect the fitness of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions under field and controlled conditions

Transcriptome architecture reveals genetic networks of bolting regulation in spinach

QTL Analysis of Stem Elongation and Flowering Time in Lettuce Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing

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