Boiling up of helium I, helium II, and nitrogen during transient heat release

Tsoi, A. N.; Lutset, M. O.

doi:10.1007/bf00871351

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…2 (b). We see that when t h is greater than about 10 −4 s, q * increases with decreasing t h , which agrees with the trend reported in literature [15][16][17][18][19]. However, when the applied heat flux reaches a critical value q * c ≃ 55 W/cm 2 , we find surprisingly that the onset time of boiling suddenly jumps from about 10 −4 s to an extremely small value.…”

Section: Peak Heat Flux Calculationsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In Fig. 3, we show the experimental data of q * versus t h obtained by Tsoi and Lutset [15] and by Shimazaki et al [18]. The work of Tsoi and Lutset adopted a thin-film nichrome heater (surface area: 3 × 3 cm 2 ) immersed in He II at 1.794 K, and the boiling was detected by monitoring the pressure change in He II using a piezosensor.…”

Section: Peak Heat Flux Calculationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…When the heat flux is higher than a threshold value denoted as the peak heat flux q * , boiling of He II can spontaneously occur on the heating surface. This peak heat flux q * is an important parameter needed in the design of many He II based cooling systems, which has been the subject of extensive experimental and numerical studies [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. A power-law dependance q * ∝ t −n h of q * on the heating time t h was reported in literature, where the power index n varies in the range of 0.25 to 0.5 depending on the magnitude of the applied heat flux and other experimental conditions such as the He II bath temperature T b and the hydrostatic head pressure P h = ρgH (where H is the He II depth and g is the gravitational acceleration) [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Boiling and cavitation caused by transient heat transfer in superfluid helium-4

Sanavandi,

Hulse,

Bao

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Superfluid helium-4 (He II) has been widely utilized as a coolant in various scientific and engineering applications due to its superior heat transfer capability. An important parameter required in the design of many He II based cooling systems is the peak heat flux q * , which refers to the threshold heat flux above which boiling spontaneously occurs in He II. Past experimental and numerical studies showed that q * increases when the heating time t h is reduced, which leads to an intuitive expectation that very high q * may be achievable at sufficiently small t h . Knowledge on how q * actually behaves at small t h is important for applications such as laser ablation in He II. Here we present a numerical study on the evolution of the thermodynamic state of the He II in front of a planar heater by solving the He II two-fluid equations of motion. For an applied heat flux, we determine the heating time beyond which the He II near the heater transits to the vapor phase. As such, a curve correlating q * and t h can be obtained, which nicely reproduces some relevant experimental data. Surprisingly, we find that there exists a critical peak heat flux q * c , above which boiling occurs nearly instantaneously regardless of t h . We reveal that the boiling in this regime is essentially cavitation caused by the combined effects of the first-sound and the second-sound waves in He II. Based on this physical picture, an analytical model for q * c is developed, which reproduces the simulated q * c values at various He II bath temperatures and hydrostatic head pressures. This work represents a major progress in our understanding of transient heat transfer in He II.

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Section: Peak Heat Flux Calculationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Peak Heat Flux Calculationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Boiling and cavitation caused by transient heat transfer in superfluid helium-4

Sanavandi,

Hulse,

Bao

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…With highspeed video recording of boiling, experimental data on the departure bubble diameters were obtained and qualitative assessment of the density of active nucleation sites was done for both types of heaters. Studies [71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89] concern the main characteristics of boiling processes [71][72][73][74][75][76] and development of heat transfer and CHF [77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89] under various nonstationary laws of heat release in nitrogen. In [71,[74][75][76], it was shown that at overheating above a certain threshold value, there occurred nitrogen boiling modes in the form of so-called self-sustained evaporation fronts, propagating along the heatrelease surface (see Fig.…”

Section: Heat Transfer Enhancement and Critical Heat Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Methods for Heat Transfer Enhancement During Nitrogen Boiling to Ensure Stabilization of HTS Devices

Павленко

Кузнецов

2021

J. Engin. Thermophys.

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The paper presents a brief analysis of current achievements and key issues in the field of heat transfer and critical heat flux enhancement during boiling of cryogenic liquids and freons under various heat release laws via micro-structuring of the heat-generating surface. A review of new experimental data on the efficiency of heat transfer and critical heat flux enhancement during pool boiling via new micro-structured capillary-porous coatings created by plasma sputtering and selective laser melting/sintering (3D printing) is presented. The results of analysis of the efficiency of heat transfer and critical heat flux during boiling on heat-generating surfaces with micro-textures of different shapes and micro-profiling created by micro-deforming cutting are presented. New results obtained during nitrogen boiling under various hydrodynamical conditions on the mechanisms of sharp increase in the rate of non-stationary cooling of plates with new structured capillary-porous or low-heat-conductivity coatings with certain parameters are discussed. New results on the degree of heat transfer enhancement during boiling of liquids on micro-structured surfaces modified by the method of micro-arc oxidation are presented.

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“…That was the starting point in the construction of the so-called Hydrodynamics of Superfluid Turbulence (HST), which was the unification of the Vinen equation and the classical two-fluid hydrodynamics (see, e.g., [15], [28], [29]). The HST equations have been applied to study a large number of hydrodynamic and thermal problems, including heat transfer and boiling in He II (see, e.g., [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [24]). The numerical and analytic results were in very good agreement with numerous experimental data.…”

Section: Nonuniform Quantum Turbulence and The Vinen Phenomenological...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonuniform quantum turbulence in superfluids

Nemirovskii

2018

Phys. Rev. B

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The problem of quantum turbulence in a channel with an inhomogeneous counterflow of superfluid turbulent helium is studied. The counterflow velocity V x ns (y) along the channel is supposed to have a parabolic profile in the transverse direction y. Such statement corresponds to the recent numerical simulation by Khomenko et al. [Phys. Rev. B 91, 180504 (2015)]. The authors reported about a sophisticated behavior of the vortex line density (VLD) L(r, t), different from L ∝ V x ns (y) 2 , which follows from the naive, straightforward application of the conventional Vinen theory. It is clear, that Vinen theory should be refined by taking into account transverse effects and the way it ought to be done is the subject of active discussion in the literature. In the work we discuss several possible mechanisms of the transverse flux of VLD L(r, t) which should be incorporated in the standard Vinen equation to describe adequately the inhomogeneous quantum turbulence (QT). It is shown that the most effective among these mechanisms is the one that is related to the phase slippage phenomenon. The use of this flux in the modernized Vinen equation corrects the situation with an unusual distribution of the vortex line density, and satisfactory describes the behavior L(r, t) both in stationary and nonstationary situations. The general problem of the phenomenological Vinen theory in the case of nonuniform and nonstationary quantum turbulence is thoroughly discussed.

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Boiling up of helium I, helium II, and nitrogen during transient heat release

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Boiling and cavitation caused by transient heat transfer in superfluid helium-4

Boiling and cavitation caused by transient heat transfer in superfluid helium-4

Development of Methods for Heat Transfer Enhancement During Nitrogen Boiling to Ensure Stabilization of HTS Devices

Nonuniform quantum turbulence in superfluids

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