BodyWire: A 6.3-pJ/b 30-Mb/s −30-dB SIR-Tolerant Broadband Interference-Robust Human Body Communication Transceiver Using Time Domain Interference Rejection

Maity, Shovan; Chatterjee, Baibhab; Chang, Gregory; Sen, Shreyas

doi:10.1109/jssc.2019.2932852

Cited by 64 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As a use-case for the assessment of our BCC model, we chose to consider the Live Wire [35], [44]. Live Wire has been implemented by using discrete components, a choice shared with similar BCC devices [2], [45], [46], rather than developing a custom complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit [33], [47]- [50]. The Live Wire system is shown in the block diagram of Fig.…”

Section: A Live Wire Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

A Periodic Transmission Line Model for Body Channel Communication

et al. 2020

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Body channel communication (BCC) is a technique for data transmission exploiting the human body as communication channel. Even though it was pioneered about 25 years ago, the identification of a good electrical model behind its functioning is still an open research question. The proposed distributed model can then serve as a supporting tool for the design, allowing to enhance the performances of any BCC system. A novel finite periodic transmission line model was developed to describe the human body as transmission medium. According to this model, for the first time, the parasitic capacitance between the transmitter and the receiver is assumed to depend on their distance. The parameters related to the body and electrodes are acquired experimentally by fitting the bioimpedentiometric measurements, in the range of frequencies from 1 kHz to 1 MHz, obtaining a mean absolute error lower than 4 • and 30 Ω for the phase angle and impedance modulus, respectively. The proposed mathematical framework has been successfully validated by describing a ground-referred and low-complexity system called Live Wire, suitable as supporting tool for visually impaired people, and finding good agreement between the measured and the calculated data, marking a ±3% error for communication distances ranging from 20 to 150 cm. In this work we introduced a new circuital approach, for capacitive-coupling systems, based on finite periodic transmission line, capable to describe and model BCC systems allowing to optimize the performances of similar systems. INDEX TERMS body area network, body channel communication, intra-body communication, propagation model, periodic transmission line

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Section: A Live Wire Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

A Periodic Transmission Line Model for Body Channel Communication

et al. 2020

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“…Now, if the body’s conductivity is used, it provides a low loss broadband channel that is private (the full bandwidth is available for communication). This low loss and wide bandwidth availability along with the low-frequency operation results in ultra-low power body communication at 415 nW 28 as well as very low energy communication at 6.3 pJ/bit 29 . Low-frequency HBC was not widely adopted due to the high loss at these frequencies because of resistive (50 ) termination 30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low-frequency HBC was not widely adopted due to the high loss at these frequencies because of resistive (50 ) termination 30 . Recently we demonstrated, by using capacitive termination, the loss in the EQS region is reduced by a factor of , making it usable 29 , 31 . The first bio-physical model for EQS-HBC was developed by Maity et al 22 and a detailed understanding of the forward path 32 and return path 33 was described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-Quasistatic Animal Body Communication for Untethered Rodent Biopotential Recording

Sriram

Avlani

Ward

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Continuous multi-channel monitoring of biopotential signals is vital in understanding the body as a whole, facilitating accurate models and predictions in neural research. The current state of the art in wireless technologies for untethered biopotential recordings rely on radiative electromagnetic (EM) fields. In such transmissions, only a small fraction of this energy is received since the EM fields are widely radiated resulting in lossy inefficient systems. Using the body as a communication medium (similar to a ’wire’) allows for the containment of the energy within the body, yielding order(s) of magnitude lower energy than radiative EM communication. In this work, we introduce Animal Body Communication (ABC), which utilizes the concept of using the body as a medium into the domain of untethered animal biopotential recording. This work, for the first time, develops the theory and models for animal body communication circuitry and channel loss. Using this theoretical model, a sub-inch$$^3$$ 3 [1″ × 1″ × 0.4″], custom-designed sensor node is built using off the shelf components which is capable of sensing and transmitting biopotential signals, through the body of the rat at significantly lower powers compared to traditional wireless transmissions. In-vivo experimental analysis proves that ABC successfully transmits acquired electrocardiogram (EKG) signals through the body with correlation $$>99\%$$ > 99 % when compared to traditional wireless communication modalities, with a 50$$\times$$ × reduction in power consumption.

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“…The body channel communication (BCC) [23]- [31] provides a power-efficient and secure interface for data transmission through the user's body so that data security is well maintained. Moreover, when the human body is used as a communication interface, the transmission power is reduced compared with radio wave communication for wearable devices [28]- [29]. The work [30] tries to develop a human body model to optimize the BCC transceiver's power.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Active Concentric Electrode for Concurrent EEG Recording and Body-Coupled Communication (BCC) Data Transmission

Tang

Yan

Park

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

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This paper presents a wearable active concentric electrode for concurrent EEG monitoring and a Body-Coupled Communication (BCC) data transmission. A 3-layer concentric electrode eliminates the wires. A common mode averaging unit (CMAU) is proposed to cancel not only the continuous commonmode interference (CMI) but also the instantaneous CMI of up to 51Vpp. The localized potential matching technique removes the ground electrode. An open-loop programmable gain amplifier (OPPGA) with the pseudo-resistor-based RC-divider block is presented to save the silicon area. The presented work is the first reported so far to achieve the concurrent EEG signal recording and BCC-based data transmission. The proposed chip achieves 100 dB CMRR and 110 dB PSRR, occupies 0.044 mm 2 , and consumes 7.4 µW with an input-referred noise density of 26 nV/√Hz.

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BodyWire: A 6.3-pJ/b 30-Mb/s −30-dB SIR-Tolerant Broadband Interference-Robust Human Body Communication Transceiver Using Time Domain Interference Rejection

Cited by 64 publications

References 15 publications

A Periodic Transmission Line Model for Body Channel Communication

A Periodic Transmission Line Model for Body Channel Communication

Electro-Quasistatic Animal Body Communication for Untethered Rodent Biopotential Recording

An Active Concentric Electrode for Concurrent EEG Recording and Body-Coupled Communication (BCC) Data Transmission

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