Bodybuilding, Energy, and Weight-Loss Supplements Are Associated With Deployment and Physical Activity in U.S. Military Personnel

Jacobson, Isabel G.; Horton, Jaime L.; Smith, Besa; Wells, Timothy S.; Boyko, Edward J.; Lieberman, Harris R.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Smith, Tyler C.

doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.02.017

Cited by 57 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Occupational assignment was not associated with DS use by deployed personnel in the current study but this could reflect the small numbers of combat arms personnel recruited. However, our findings of greater use of DSs by deployed personnel to garrison personnel are consistent with those of Jacobson et al (2012) who reported a higher prevalence of DS use in United States military personnel who had a history of combat deployment. Thus, the growing popularity of DSs among active duty soldiers may reflect the increased number of deployments to a combat theater.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Interestingly, our findings of DS use among deployed personnel are remarkably similar to DS use by United States Marines deployed to the same region of conflict (Cassler et al 2013). Previous reports of DS use for deployed soldiers (Boos et al 2010(Boos et al , 2011Cassler et al 2013;Jacobson et al 2012) did not directly compare deployed and garrison personnel using the same survey instrument as was done in the current investigation. Therefore, this report is the first we are aware of that definitively demonstrates that patterns of DS use change during deployment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…For many deployed British soldiers, DS use was initiated while in a combat theater (Boos et al 2010). The data presented by Jacobson et al (2012) and the current findings, especially for combat arms personnel in garrison, suggest that soldiers continue DS use initiated in a combat theater upon returning to their home bases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Deployed male British soldiers reported high levels of protein supplements and body building products in combat theater (Boos et al 2010(Boos et al , 2011. Also, a large cohort study reported greater use of body-building and weight-loss supplements in both males and females with a history of deployment to a combat theater (Jacobson et al 2012). Another study found greater DS use by United States Marines who were deployed to Afghanistan (Cassler et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although the prevalence of DS use among these deployed soldiers was not significantly different from a larger cohort of soldiers stationed in the United States, it appeared that fewer deployed soldiers used multivitamins and there was a tendency for increased use of protein and amino acid supplements. Separately, a larger cohort of deployed United States military personnel had higher prevalence of bodybuilding, energy, and weight-loss supplement use compared with soldiers who had never deployed (Jacobson et al 2012). A more recent survey of deployed United States Marines in Afghanistan reported that 70% of respondents used DSs and that almost 30% of supplement users began consuming supplements during deployment (Cassler et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soldier use of dietary supplements, including protein and body building supplements, in a combat zone is different than use in garrison

Austin

McLellan

Farina

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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United States Army personnel in garrison who are not deployed to combat theater report using dietary supplements (DSs) to promote health, increase physical and mental strength, and improve energy levels. Given the substantial physical and cognitive demands of combat, DS use may increase during deployment. This study compared DS use by garrison soldiers with DS use by personnel deployed to a combat theater in Afghanistan. Prevalence and patterns of DS use, demographic factors, and health behaviors were assessed by survey (deployed n = 221; garrison n = 1001). Eighty-two percent of deployed and 74% of garrison soldiers used DSs ≥1 time·week -1 . Logistic regression analyses, adjusted for significant demographic and health predictors of DS use, showed deployed personnel were more likely than garrison soldiers to use protein, amino acids, and combination products. Deployed females were more likely to use protein supplements and deployed males were more likely to use multivitamins, combination products, protein, and body building supplements than garrison respondents. Significantly more deployed (17%) than garrison (10%) personnel spent more than $50•month -1 on DSs. Higher protein supplement use among deployed personnel was associated with higher frequency of strength training and lower amounts of aerobic exercise for males but similar amounts of strength training and aerobic exercise for females. Protein supplements and combination products are used more frequently by deployed than garrison soldiers with the intent of enhancing strength and energy.Key words: vitamins, minerals, military, warfare, exercise, sex differences, strength training, aerobic training. Mots-clés : vitamines, minéraux, militaire, guerre, exercice physique, différences liées au sexe, entraînement à la force, entraînement aérobie.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Soldier use of dietary supplements, including protein and body building supplements, in a combat zone is different than use in garrison

Austin

McLellan

Farina

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Analysis of 1,3 dimethylamylamine concentrations in Geraniaceae, geranium oil and dietary supplements

Austin

Travis

Pace

et al. 2013

Drug Testing and Analysis

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1,3-Dimethylamylamine (DMAA) is a sympathomimetic compound currently incorporated into some dietary supplements. Significant controversy exists regarding the 'natural' origin of DMAA, as claimed by manufacturers of supplements. Manufacturers often refer to its presence by the name Geranamine® implying that DMAA is found in the plant species Geranium and Pelargonium known collectively as Geraniaceae. This study determined whether DMAA is present in the plant species, Geranium and Pelargonium. In addition, concentrations of DMAA in popular dietary supplements and commercial Geranium and Pelargonium oils were assessed. One Pelargonium cultivar, one Geranium cultivar, three essential oils from Pelargonium or Geranium, raw DMAA powder, and seven dietary supplements (DS) sold as finished products and labelled as containing DMAA, or one of its synonyms, were analyzed for the presence of DMAA by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). No measurable levels of DMAA in Geranium, Pelargonium or essential oils at a detection limit of 1-2 ng/g were present. UPLC/MS/MS analysis confirmed the presence of DMAA in spiked plant and oil samples, all seven DS products, and raw DMAA powder. Concentrations (weight%) of DMAA provided in DS ranged from 0.11% to 673%. This study indicates DMAA contained in DS is of a synthetic origin and is not present in the plant species Geranium and Pelargonium; thus the 'natural' origin and use of DMAA as an ingredient in DS is not substantiated.

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Overview of regulation of dietary supplements in the USA and issues of adulteration with phenethylamines (PEAs)

Pawar

Grundel

2016

Drug Testing and Analysis

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The multi-billion dollar dietary supplement industry is global in reach. The industry has been criticized for problems related to poor quality control, safety, misbranding, and adulteration. In this review, we describe how the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates dietary supplements within the framework of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act). The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA), which amended the FD&C Act, gave the FDA the authority to promulgate Good Manufacturing Practices for dietary supplements and required that manufacturers provide the FDA information supporting a conclusion that the ingredients are reasonably expected to be safe if the dietary ingredients were not marketed in the USA before 15 October 1994. Recent amendments to the FD&C Act require that serious dietary-supplement-related adverse events be reported to the FDA and provide the agency with mandatory recall authority. We discuss the presence of naturally occurring (e.g. Ephedra, Citrus aurantium, Acacia) and synthetic (e.g. β-methylphenethylamines, methylsynephrine, α-ethyl-phenethylamine) biologically active phenethylamines (PEAs) in dietary supplements and of PEA drugs (e.g. clenbuterol, fenfluramine, sibutramine, lorcaserin) in weight-loss products. Regulatory actions against manufacturers of products labelled as dietary supplements that contain the aliphatic amines 1,3-dimethylamine and 1,3-dimethylbutylamine, and PEAs such as β-methylphenethylamine, aegeline, and Dendrobium illustrate the FDA's use of its authority under the FD&C Act to promote dietary supplement safety. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

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Bodybuilding, Energy, and Weight-Loss Supplements Are Associated With Deployment and Physical Activity in U.S. Military Personnel

Cited by 57 publications

References 51 publications

Soldier use of dietary supplements, including protein and body building supplements, in a combat zone is different than use in garrison

Soldier use of dietary supplements, including protein and body building supplements, in a combat zone is different than use in garrison

Analysis of 1,3 dimethylamylamine concentrations in Geraniaceae, geranium oil and dietary supplements

Overview of regulation of dietary supplements in the USA and issues of adulteration with phenethylamines (PEAs)

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