Body temperature fluctuations in the periparturient horse mare

Cross, D.T.; Threlfall, W.R.; Kline, Robert C.

doi:10.1016/0093-691x(92)90102-w

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, this may not be the case in horses, since there was no significant correlation between body temperature and peripheral progesterone concentrations in periparturient mares (Ammons and others 1989). Other authors (Ammons and others 1989, Cross and others 1992) reported that body temperature in the mare did not predict parturition, but our findings showed a reduction in the mare's body temperature on the evening of foaling (Fig 4). …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…Prefoaling mares present a reduction in body temperature prepartum, as also described in cows and bitches (Cross and others 1992). There was a significant reduction in the body temperature in the evening of the foaling (Fig 4).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…There was a significant reduction in the body temperature in the evening of the foaling (Fig 4). Cross and others (1992) found a reduction in the mare's body temperature starting by four hours prefoaling (Cross and others 1992). It has been suggested that the mechanism leading to the reduction of the body temperature is linked to the progesterone concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decreasing pH of mammary gland secretions is associated with parturition and is correlated with electrolyte concentrations in prefoaling mares

et al. 2013

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The objectives of this study were to determine pH of the mammary gland secretions and the corresponding electrolyte concentrations in prefoaling mares. Pregnant mares (seven primiparous and seven multiparous) were monitored daily from 310-320 days of gestation until parturition. Prefoaling mammary gland secretions were collected, and pH was immediately determined with a pH meter and pH strip test. An aliquot of prefoaling mammary secretions was frozen and stored until further analyses. After parturition, samples from day -4 to 0 (day of foaling) were thawed and electrolyte concentrations (ie, Ca(2)(+), Mg(2)(+), Na(+), K(+) and Cl(-)) were determined with an automated analyser. Data were analysed via a mixed model with the mare as a random effect. Correlations were determined between pH and electrolyte concentrations by the Pearson product-moment for each pair. There was significant reduction in pH of mammary secretions on the day of foaling (P<0.0001), and most mares (11/14) with a pH ≤7 foaled within 24 hours. There was high correlation between the two pH methods (r=0.93). Additionally, there were significant (P<0.05) increases in Ca(2+) and K(+) concentrations, and significant decreases in Na(+) and Cl(-) concentrations from one day before to the day of foaling. The pH of mammary secretions was highly and significantly (P<0.001) correlated with Na(+) (r=0.87), Cl(-) (r=0.85), Ca(2+) (r=-0.88); and K(+)(r=-0.80) concentrations, and moderately correlated with Mg(2+) (r=-0.58). Daily evening pH measure of the mammary gland secretions can predict foaling in most mares.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decreasing pH of mammary gland secretions is associated with parturition and is correlated with electrolyte concentrations in prefoaling mares

et al. 2013

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“…There are several types of foaling alarm systems that detect various pre-foaling signs. Haluska and Wilkins (1989) and Cross et al (1992) reported that rectal temperature decreased before foaling (especially 3-4 hours before)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of behavioral signs of the mares for prediction of the pre-foaling period

Jung

Jang³

et al. 2021

J Anim Reprod Biotechnol

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In horse management, the alarm system with sensors in the foaling period enables the breeder can appropriately prepare the time of the parturition. It is important to prevent losses by unpredictable parturition because there are several high risks such as dystocia and the death of foals and mares during foaling. However, unlike analysis in the alarm system that detects specific motions has been widely performed, analysis of classification following specific behavior patterns or number needs to be more organized. Thus, the objective of this study is to classify signs of the specific behaviors of the mares for the prediction of pre-foaling behaviors. Five Thoroughbred mares (9-20 yrs) were randomly selected for observation of the prefoaling behaviors. The behaviors were monitored for 90 min that was divided into three different periods as 1) from -90 to -60 min, 2) from -60 to -30 min, 3) from -30 min to the time for the discharge of the amniotic fluid, respectively. The behaviors were divided into two different categories as state and frequent behaviors and each specific behavioral pattern for classification was individually described. In the state behaviors, the number of mares in the standing of the foaling group (3.17 ± 0.18 b ) at period 3 was significantly higher than the control group (1.67 ± 0.46 a ). In contrast, the number of the mares in the eating of the foaling group (1.17 ± 0.34 b ) at period 3 was significantly lower than the control group (3.33 ± 0.46 a ). In the frequent behaviors, the weaving of the foaling group was significantly higher than the control group, and looking at the belly of the foaling group was significantly lower than the control group. In period 2, defecation, weaving, and lowering the head of the foaling group were significantly higher than the control group, respectively. In period 3, sitting down and standing up, pawing, weaving, and lowering the head in the foaling group were also significantly higher than the control group. In conclusion, the behavior is significantly different in foaling periods, and the prediction of foaling may be feasible by the detection of the pre-foaling behaviors in the mares.

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“…While there are data from captive animals, the obvious practical challenges mean that we know little about the precise timing of nocturnal parturition in wild diurnal primates, and the extent to which this might contribute to our understanding of the selection pressures promoting inactive-phase birth. Mammalian births are characterized by a decrease in maternal body temperature (T b ) over the hours of labour and a precipitous increase in T b in the hours immediately post-parturition [9][10][11][12]. These distinct perturbations in T b suggest a means whereby the timing of birth can be accurately gauged in the absence of direct observation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The thermal consequences of primate birth hour and its evolutionary implications

et al. 2022

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Most primates, including humans, give birth during the inactive phase of the daily cycle. Practical constraints therefore limit our knowledge of the precise timing of nocturnal birth in wild diurnal primates and so limit our understanding of selective pressures and consequences. We measured maternal core body temperature ( T b ) across 24 births in a population of wild vervet monkeys using biologgers. We identified distinct perturbations in T b during the birth period, including declining T b during labour and the rapid recovery of T b post-parturition. Vervet monkeys typically gave birth during their inactive phase in synchrony with the nadir of the maternal nychthemeral T b rhythm but also showed remarkable inter-individual variability in their absolute T b during birth. Our findings support the view that selection may have favoured a nocturnal timing of primate birth to coincide with lower night-time T b and environmental temperatures, which improve thermal efficiency during birth.

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Body temperature fluctuations in the periparturient horse mare

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Decreasing pH of mammary gland secretions is associated with parturition and is correlated with electrolyte concentrations in prefoaling mares

Decreasing pH of mammary gland secretions is associated with parturition and is correlated with electrolyte concentrations in prefoaling mares

Classification of behavioral signs of the mares for prediction of the pre-foaling period

The thermal consequences of primate birth hour and its evolutionary implications

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