Body temperature and sleep architecture in response to a mild cold stress in women

Sewitch, Deborah E.; Kittrell, E. M. W.; Kupfer, David J.; Reynolds, Charles F.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(86)90459-2

Cited by 75 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Previous studies claimed that high SWA has a thermoregulatory role, e.g., downregulation of CBT for energy conservation (40,43,44). Dijk et al (17) found the inverse, a relative increase of CBT during the recovery sleep after a 40-h CR.…”

Section: Effect Of High and Low Sleep Pressure On Thermoregulation Inmentioning

confidence: 97%

Challenging the sleep homeostat does not influence the thermoregulatory system in men: evidence from a nap vs. sleep-deprivation study

Kräuchi

Knoblauch²,

Wirz‐Justice³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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-The purpose of our study was to understand the relationship between the components of the threeprocess model of sleepiness regulation (homeostatic, circadian, and sleep inertia) and the thermoregulatory system. This was achieved by comparing the impact of a 40-h sleep deprivation vs. a 40-h multiple nap paradigm (10 cycles with 150/75 min wakefulness/sleep episodes) on distal and proximal skin temperatures, core body temperature (CBT), melatonin secretion, subjective sleepiness, and nocturnal sleep EEG slow-wave activity in eight healthy young men in a "controlled posture" protocol. The main finding of the study was that accumulation of sleep pressure increased subjective sleepiness and slow-wave activity during the succeeding recovery night but did not influence the thermoregulatory system as measured by distal, proximal, and CBT. The circadian rhythm of sleepiness (and proximal temperature) was significantly correlated and phase locked with CBT, whereas distal temperature and melatonin secretion were phase advanced (by 113 Ϯ 28 and 130 Ϯ 30 min, respectively; both P Ͻ 0.005). This provides evidence for a primary role of distal vasodilatation in the circadian regulation of CBT and its relationship with sleepiness. Specific thermoregulatory changes occur at lights off and on. After lights off, skin temperatures increased and were most pronounced for distal; after lights on, the converse occurred. The decay in distal temperature (vasoconstriction) was significantly correlated with the disappearance of sleep inertia. These effects showed minor and nonsignificant circadian modulation. In summary, the thermoregulatory system seems to be independent of the sleep homeostat, but the circadian modulation of sleepiness and sleep inertia is clearly associated with thermoregulatory changes. circadian rhythm; skin and core body temperature; electroencephalogram slow-wave activity SLEEPINESS CAN BE DEFINED as a physiological need for sleep with a behavioral measure of the subject's tendency to fall asleep at a certain time (sleep propensity) (3, 25). Sleepiness, and its converse "alertness" (in this study only sleepiness is used), is a regulated and important determinant of psychomotor vigilance and performance (19). Three major processes are considered to be involved in regulating sleepiness: 1) a homeostatic process that is manifested in a growing increase of sleep propensity during the course of wakefulness that is dissipated during sleep (7,14); 2) a circadian process controlled by the circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nuclei that produces a maximum drive for alertness during the subjective day and a maximum drive for sleepiness during the subjective night (7, 14); and 3) a process of "sleep inertia," which describes the phenomenon of low vigilance on awakening even though sleepiness should be lowest at the end of a sleep episode (24). These three processes represent the compartments of the mathematical three-process-model for sleepiness (2,18).Many studies have shown that the level of EEG slow-wave activity (S...

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Section: Effect Of High and Low Sleep Pressure On Thermoregulation Inmentioning

confidence: 97%

Challenging the sleep homeostat does not influence the thermoregulatory system in men: evidence from a nap vs. sleep-deprivation study

Kräuchi

Knoblauch²,

Wirz‐Justice³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Some subjects (male) had a very disturbed sleep (Haskell et al 1981 ) while the temperature was at 21°C, whereas women showed to have only little alteration in their SWS (Sewitch et al 1986 ) . Another test revealed no alteration in sleeping pattern, but leads to a longer wake time before subjects fell asleep (Palca et al 1986 ) .…”

Section: Hot and Cold Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Circadian Rhythm and Stress

Steinach¹,

Gunga²

2011

Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space

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Rhythmicity of physiological variables is a ubiquitous phenomenon in living systems (Aschoff and Wever 1962a ) . Several different rhythms appear to exist, from long wavelength rhythms like the monthly menstrual cycle to circadian rhythms of many parameters. Several early works of research have described diurnal changes and rhythmicities in biological phenomena like the pulse rate, respiratory gas exchange, or body temperature, exhibiting the peak temperature at the early evening (6 p.m.) and a nadir during the late night and early morning (4 a.m.) (Gierse 1842 ) . This rhythmicity seemed to be innate, as it was unaffected by fasting or physical activity. Also it was shown that isolation from external time cues (zeitgeber) like most notably sun light, but also social interaction, left the circadian rhythm intact, even though its phase period appeared to become elongated (Aschoff and Wever 1962b ) . It was concluded that there is an endogenous origin of the human circadian rhythm. Since then, several similar experiments have revealed an endogenous rhythmicity of approximately 24.5 h, when no external time cues are present (Halberg et al. 1965 ) .The circadian rhythm is created by a pacemaker system located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus (SCN) (Mistlberger and Rusak 1989 ) , which coordinates molecular clocks in each body cell through the control of body temperature, hormone concentrations, and behavior as well as through a transcription/translation feedback loop of clock-related genes (e.g., Per1-2, Cry1-2) infl uenced by a protein dimer (BMAL1-CLOCK -brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1 and circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) in all peripheral cells that are similarly regulated by hormones and cytokines (Levi et al. 2008 ) (Fig. 7.1 ). A model of

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“…INDIVIDUALS EXPOSED TO A THERMAL LOAD BEFORE 8,9,23,29,30,32,47 OR DURING 6,13,25,33,35,38,39,46 BED-TIME present alterations in their nocturnal sleep. Several adverse effects, which are known to reduce the subsequent vigilance level, have been determined, such as partial sleep deprivation and/or sleep fragmentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Nocturnal Environment Perceived as Warm on Subsequent Daytime Sleep in Humans

Dewasmes

Telliez

Muzet

2000

Sleep

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BED-TIME present alterations in their nocturnal sleep. Several adverse effects, which are known to reduce the subsequent vigilance level, have been determined, such as partial sleep deprivation and/or sleep fragmentation. Surprisingly, the influence of thermal stressors on subsequent daytime recovery sleep remains unknown, as only one such study has been made, 5 but it did not provide the magnitude of sleep changes. Moreover, the hypnic alterations provoked by thermal stressors may be enhanced by the unusual circadian placement and associated sleep deprivation.In the present study, we analyzed the daytime sleep patterns of individuals kept awake and exposed to a moderate warm stress during the preceding night. Because our interest was focused strictly on the influence of the thermal factor, we controlled the circadian placement and the duration of the diurnal sleep session, and thus also the sleepdeprived state of the volunteers participating in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODSSixteen young male subjects (20-25 years old) gave their informed consent to participate in the study, which had been approved by the local ethics committee. These volunteers were good sleepers, with sleeping habits intermediary between morning and evening types. 28 They had not been exposed and/or naturally adapted to a warm climate during the six months prior to the experiment.The subjects were randomly assigned to two equal independent groups (control and experimental) and were then studied in pairs. One pair was studied per week, with control pairs alternating with experimental pairs. Before starting the recordings, they were habituated to the experimental and sleep (00:00 -08:00) conditions for two successive nights and days. The habituation period was spent in a living room controlled in temperature. During the third night each subject went to an individual climatic (soundproof) chamber adjacent to the living room and was kept awake (23:00 -08:00). A light breakfast was served at 06:00 (<100kcal). Daytime sleep is usually shorter than nighttime sleep. In a previous experiment, thermally comparable to the present control condition, 10 subjects (also awake at night) slept ad lib (from 08:00) an average of 6.2hours (unpublished data). We thus limited the sleep duration in the present study to six hours (light switched off at 08:00). Throughout the experiment, subjects always slept partially Abstract: We studied the influence of a nocturnal environment perceived as warm on the subsequent daytime sleep of healthy human subjects (20-25 years old). From 00:00 to 8:00, they were kept awake and exposed to either a thermoneutral and comfortable (CN) or a warm and uncomfortable (EW) environment, as assessed by the predicted mean vote/percentage of persons dissatisfied questionnaire (PMV/PPD). The subjects then slept from 8:00 to 14:00 in a thermoneutral environment. Sleep was scored according to the Rechtschaffen and Kales criteria. Rectal temperature was recorded from 22:00 to the end of the sleep period. Compared to CN, a significant but mod...

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Body temperature and sleep architecture in response to a mild cold stress in women

Cited by 75 publications

References 10 publications

Challenging the sleep homeostat does not influence the thermoregulatory system in men: evidence from a nap vs. sleep-deprivation study

Challenging the sleep homeostat does not influence the thermoregulatory system in men: evidence from a nap vs. sleep-deprivation study

Circadian Rhythm and Stress

Effects of a Nocturnal Environment Perceived as Warm on Subsequent Daytime Sleep in Humans

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