Body Sizes of Poikilotherm Vertebrates at Different Latitudes

Lindsey, C. C.

doi:10.2307/2406584

Cited by 170 publications

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“…Although body size has been well studied in terrestrial biota, large-scale marine surveys of body size have been conducted only for fish (Lindsey 1966, Macpherson & Duarte 1994, amphipods (Poulin & Hamilton 1995, Chapelle & Peck 1999, gastropods (Frank 1975, Olabarria & Thurston 2003 and bivalve mollusks (Roy & Martien 2001). Only 2 of these studies have covered both hemispheres (Poulin & Hamilton 1995, Chapelle & Peck 1999.…”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, variation in oxygen availability has been suggested to explain polar gigantism (Chapelle & Peck 1999) and size increase in the deep sea (McClain & Rex 2001, but also see Spicer & Gaston 1999 for a rebuttal of this idea). Seasonality (or fasting endurance) has also been advocated to explain latitudinal size clines in both endo-and ectotherms, with large-bodied species being favored in colder and more variable environments because they can store more energy reserves (namely fat) to enhance survival during seasonal shortages of resources (Lindsey 1966, Boyce 1979. In marine systems, some argue that coastal animals tend to be bigger than deeper living counterparts (see the 'size-structure hypothesis' by Thiel 1975Thiel , 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In marine systems, some argue that coastal animals tend to be bigger than deeper living counterparts (see the 'size-structure hypothesis ' by Thiel 1975' by Thiel , 1979). Yet, the generality of this phenomenon is not convincing because body size has been reported to decrease, increase or show no association with depth (see reviews by Gage & Tyler 1991, Rex & Etter 1998.Although body size has been well studied in terrestrial biota, large-scale marine surveys of body size have been conducted only for fish (Lindsey 1966, Macpherson & Duarte 1994, amphipods (Poulin & Hamilton 1995, Chapelle & Peck 1999, gastropods (Frank 1975, Olabarria & Thurston 2003 and bivalve mollusks (Roy & Martien 2001). Only 2 of these studies have covered both hemispheres (Poulin & Hamilton 1995, Chapelle & Peck 1999.…”

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Environmental determinants of latitudinal size-trends in cephalopods

Rosa¹,

González²,

Dierssen³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Understanding patterns of body size variation is a fundamental goal in ecology, but although well studied in the terrestrial biota, little is known about broad-scale latitudinal trends of body size in marine fauna and much less about the factors that drive them. We conducted a comprehensive survey of interspecific body size patterns in coastal cephalopod mollusks, covering both hemispheres in the western and eastern Atlantic. We investigated the relationship between body size and thermal energy, resource and habitat availability and depth ranges. Both latitude and depth range had a significant effect on maximum body size in each of the major cephalopod groups (cuttlefishes, squids and octopuses). We observed significant negative associations between sea surface temperature (SST) and body size. No consistent relationships between body size and either net primary productivity (NPP), habitat extent (shelf area) or environmental variation (range of SST and NPP) were found. Thus, temperature seemed to play the most important role in structuring the distribution of cephalopod body size along the continental shelves of the Atlantic Ocean, and resource availability, seasonality or competition only played a limited role in determining latitudinal body size patterns.KEY WORDS: Body size · Ectotherms · Cephalopods · Thermal energy · Resource availability · Latitude · Temperature-size rule Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 464: [153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165] 2012 hypotheses suggest that ambient energy (temperature) is the best environmental explanatory variable for the latitudinal-size trends, both lack a convincing mechanistic explanation. The resource availability (primary productivity) hypothesis assumes that body mass must be maintained by a sufficient food supply and predicts greater body sizes in more productive areas (Rosenzweig 1968). However, it is worth noting that cephalopods are voracious carnivores with many different feeding strategies that enable them to feed opportunistically on a wide range of prey , and their growth seems to be primarily limited by predation rather than food shortages (Wood & O'Dor 2000).Some also argue that species adopt smaller body sizes in more equatorial areas because of increased inter-and intra-specific competition for resources (McNab 1971, Ashton et al. 2000. Because the feeding, behavior and reproduction of neritic cuttlefish, octopuses and squids are closely associated with seabed characteristics, one may argue that the larger continental shelves near the poles (i.e. greater habitat availability) could affect cephalopod body size variation by reducing competition. Moreover, variation in oxygen availability has been suggested to explain polar gigantism (Chapelle & Peck 1999) and size increase in the deep sea (McClain & Rex 2001, but also see Spicer & Gaston 1999 for a rebuttal of this idea). Seasonality (or fasting endurance) has also been advocated to explain latitudinal...

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Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Environmental determinants of latitudinal size-trends in cephalopods

Rosa¹,

González²,

Dierssen³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Bergmann (1874) famously proposed that warm-blooded vertebrates living in cold weather conditions tend to be larger when compared to the same species living in warm weather conditions. This rule could be universally applied to all warm-blooded animals (Ashton & Tracy, 2000;Meiri & Dayan, 2003) along various environmental gradients (Watt et al, 2010) and some cold-blooded vertebrates and invertebrates (Lindsey, 1966;Atkinson, 1994;Atkinson & Sibly, 1997;Arnett & Goteli, 1999;Porter & Hawkins, 2001;Ashton, 2002;Olalla-Tárraga et al, 2006;Timofeev, 2001). According to Allen's rule animals in colder regions tend to have shorter protruding parts of the body, such as limbs, tail and ears when compared to those living in warmer climates (Ray, 1960).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uplift of the Tibetan Plateau Influenced the Morphological Evolution of Animals

Wen¹

2014

JAS

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This is a review of the results reported by studies on the impact of the Tibetan Plateau uplift on the body size, external organs, auditory organ and sexual dimorphism of animals. In high-altitude areas, strong selection pressures, such as low temperature, oxygen deficit, high frequency of strong winds, long periods of animal inactivity, and food shortages, have led to reduction in animal size, variations in the sizes of external organs, atrophy or degradation of auditory organs and increased sexual dimorphism. These evolutionary morphological changes along a gradient in the altitude are determined by differential energy distribution in the organisms.

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“…The underlying mechanism is thought to be related to starvation, as larger organisms have larger energy reserves that will last longer under starvation conditions [26,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality, Climate Cycles and Body Size Evolution

Troost

Dam

Kooi

et al. 2009

Math. Model. Nat. Phenom.

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Abstract. The seasonality hypothesis states that climates characterized by large annual cycles select for large body sizes. In order to study the effects of seasonality on the evolution of body size, we use a model that is based on physiological rules and first principles. At the ecological time scale, our model results show that both larger productivity and seasonality may lead to larger body sizes. Our model is the first dynamic and process-based model to support the seasonality hypothesis and hence demonstrates the importance of basing models on physiological processes. We focus not only on variability at the ecological time scale, but also on the temporal variations in seasonality existing at geological time scales. A particularly strong forcing of seasonality exists on the scale of 20,000-400,000 years, the scale of Milankovitch cycles. Therefore, we simulated the evolutionary response of body size to a Milankovitch-type of forcing of climate and food density. Results illustrate that for a given level of investment in reserves body size may track climatic cycles, and that below a certain seasonality threshold the body size will decrease rapidly, leading to extinction.

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Body Sizes of Poikilotherm Vertebrates at Different Latitudes

Cited by 170 publications

References 0 publications

Environmental determinants of latitudinal size-trends in cephalopods

Environmental determinants of latitudinal size-trends in cephalopods

Uplift of the Tibetan Plateau Influenced the Morphological Evolution of Animals

Seasonality, Climate Cycles and Body Size Evolution

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