Body size perception and weight control in youth: 9-year international trends from 24 countries

Quick, Virginia; Nansel, Tonja R.; Liu, Danping; Lipsky, Leah M.; Due, Pernille; Iannotti, Ronald J.

doi:10.1038/ijo.2014.62

Cited by 60 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…A visual adaptation model of body size misperception is consistent with the view that individuals who are of normal weight or underweight may misperceive themselves to be overweight if regularly exposed to low body fat models in the media71415. For individuals who do not regularly encounter such images and who tend to interact with individuals who are overweight or obese, by contrast, an underestimation of body fat would be predicted3816. Along similar lines, regular exposure – and hence adaptation – to highly muscular body shapes, in the context of body building training or competition for example, may cause individuals to believe that they are less muscular than they really are.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Body size misperception is a phenomenon wherein people believe themselves or others to be larger or smaller than they actually are123. In research conducted in a broad range of populations, and in both adolescents and adults, as many as half of participants have been found to misperceive their body weight45678.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is concerning in two respects3. First, individuals who are underweight or normal-weight according to accepted classifications but who believe themselves to be overweight are likely to have high levels of body dissatisfaction and, in turn, increased risk of mental health problems such as eating disorders, anxiety and depression91011.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, research addressing body size misperception has tended to focus on socio-cognitive processes, such as internalization of the “ideal” images of male and female bodies portrayed in the popular media71415 or, in the case of underestimation of body size among overweight individuals, increased exposure to obesity in everyday life and a consequent change in what is considered a “normal and healthy” body weight3816. As a consequence, little is known about the perceptual mechanisms underpinning body size misperception.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Independent Aftereffects of Fat and Muscle: Implications for neural encoding, body space representation, and body image disturbance

Sturman

Stephen

Mond

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Although research addressing body size misperception has focused on socio-cognitive processes, such as internalization of the “ideal” images of bodies in the media, the perceptual basis of this phenomenon remains largely unknown. Further, most studies focus on body size per se even though this depends on both fat and muscle mass – variables that have very different relationships with health. We tested visual adaptation as a mechanism for inducing body fat and muscle mass misperception, and assessed whether these two dimensions of body space are processed independently. Observers manipulated the apparent fat and muscle mass of bodies to make them appear “normal” before and after inspecting images from one of four adaptation conditions (increased fat/decreased fat/increased muscle/decreased muscle). Exposure resulted in a shift in the point of subjective normality in the direction of the adapting images along the relevant (fat or muscle) axis, suggesting that the neural mechanisms involved in body fat and muscle perception are independent. This supports the viability of adaptation as a model of real-world body size misperception, and extends its applicability to clinical manifestations of body image disturbance that entail not only preoccupation with thinness (e.g., anorexia nervosa) but also with muscularity (e.g., muscle dysmorphia).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Independent Aftereffects of Fat and Muscle: Implications for neural encoding, body space representation, and body image disturbance

Sturman

Stephen

Mond

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…After observing positive associations of dieting with PFS and weight status in the absence of an association of PFS with weight outcomes, we conducted post hoc analyses to examine whether these findings could be explained by an association of PFS with perceived overweight, which has been positively associated with dieting (Liechty & Lee, 2015; Quick et al, 2014). These analyses demonstrated that two of the three PFS domain scales (food available and food present) were positively associated with RR of perceived overweight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power of Food Scale in association with weight outcomes and dieting in a nationally representative cohort of U.S. young adults

et al. 2016

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Food reward sensitivity may influence susceptibility to overeating in a permissive food environment, contributing to unintended weight gain and intentional weight loss behavior. This study examined associations of food reward sensitivity, assessed by the Power of Food Scale (PFS), with weight outcomes and dieting in a nationally representative cohort of U.S. emerging adults. Wave 5 (W5, 5th year of follow-up) respondents from the NEXT Generation Health Study were included (N=2202, W5 age=20.3±0.02 years). Baseline and W5 BMI, W5 weight status (normal weight=18.5≤BMI<25, overweight=25≤BMI<30, obese=BMI≥30), BMI change (W5-baseline BMI) and onset of overweight or obesity (OWOB) were calculated from self-reported height and weight. PFS (aggregate and 3 domain scores: food available, present, and tasted) and dieting for weight-loss were assessed at W5. Adjusted linear regressions estimated associations of PFS with W5 BMI and BMI change. Log-binomial regressions estimated associations of high W5 BMI (≥25), OWOB onset and dieting with PFS. Post hoc analyses estimated associations of PFS with W5 perceived weight status (overweight vs. about right or underweight). W5 BMI=25.73±0.32 kg/m2, and OWOB onset occurred in 27.7% of participants. The PFS-food available score was associated with BMI change, β±SE=0.41±0.19. Other PFS scores were not associated with weight outcomes. Dieting prevalence was higher in participants with high versus low W5 BMI (61% versus 32%), and was positively associated with all PFS scores except the PFS-food tasted score, e.g., relative risk (RR) of dieting for PFS-aggregate=1.13, 95%CI [1.01-1.26]. Post-hoc analyses indicated perceived overweight was positively associated with PFS-food available, 1.12, [1.01-1.24], and PFS-food present, 1.13, [1.03-1.24]. PFS was positively related to dieting and perceived overweight, but not concurrent or change in weight status in a representative cohort of U.S. emerging adults.

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Nutrition and adolescence

Langley‐Evans

2015

Nutrition, Health and Disease

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Body size perception and weight control in youth: 9-year international trends from 24 countries

Cited by 60 publications

References 49 publications

Independent Aftereffects of Fat and Muscle: Implications for neural encoding, body space representation, and body image disturbance

Independent Aftereffects of Fat and Muscle: Implications for neural encoding, body space representation, and body image disturbance

Power of Food Scale in association with weight outcomes and dieting in a nationally representative cohort of U.S. young adults

Nutrition and adolescence

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