Body size at birth and blood pressure among children in developing countries

Law, Catherine; Egger, P.; Dada, OA; Delgado, Hernán; Kylberg, Elisabeth; Lavin, Pa A.; Tang, Gh; Hertzen, Helena von; Shiell, A. W.; Barker, Djp

doi:10.1093/ije/30.1.52

Cited by 111 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Studies have shown that low birth weight is associated with elevated blood pressure in adults and children [22]. Increased stature of mothers, favourable changes in socioeconomic factors and other factors such as improved maternal nutrition can be related to increased blood pressure [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overweight/obesity and hypertension in schoolchildren aged 6–16 years, Aden governorate, Yemen, 2009

Badi

Garcia-Triana²,

Suarez-Martinez³

2012

East Mediterr Health J

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overweight/obesity and hypertension in schoolchildren aged 6–16 years, Aden governorate, Yemen, 2009

Badi

Garcia-Triana²,

Suarez-Martinez³

2012

East Mediterr Health J

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“…Recent studies have shown that low birth weight increases risk of several chronic adult diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (Barker 1999;Rich-Edwards et al 1997), hypertension (Law et al 2001), renal failure (Lackland et al 2000), and type 2 diabetes (Forsen et al 2000;Rich-Edwards et al 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low birth weight and residential proximity to PCB-contaminated waste sites.

Baibergenova

Kudyakov

Zdeb

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

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Previous investigations have shown that women exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are at increased risk of giving birth to an infant with low birth weight (< 2,500 g), and that this relationship is stronger for male than for female infants. We have tested the hypothesis that residents in a zip code that contains a PCB hazardous waste site or abuts a body of water contaminated with PCBs are at increased risk of giving birth to a low-birth-weight baby. We used the birth registry of the New York State Vital Statistics to identify all births between 1994 and 2000 in New York State except for New York City. This registry provides information on the infant, mother, and father together with the zip code of the mother's residence. The 865 state Superfund sites, the 86 National Priority List sites, and the six Areas of Concern in New York were characterized regarding whether or not they contain PCBs as a major contaminant. We identified 187 zip codes containing or abutting PCB-contaminated sites, and these zip codes were the residences of 24.5% of the 945,077 births. The birth weight in the PCB zip codes was on average 21.6 g less than in other zip codes (p < 0.001). Because there are many other risk factors for low birth weight, we have adjusted for these using a logistic regression model for these confounders. After adjusting for sex of the infant, mother's age, race, weight, height, education, income, marital status, and smoking, there was still a statistically significant 6% increased risk of giving birth to a male infant of low birth weight. These observations support the hypothesis that living in a zip code near a PCBcontaminated site poses a risk of exposure and giving birth to an infant of low birth weight.

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“…In Africa, small studies of children in South Africa (24), Zimbabwe (25), and Gambia (26) suggested an inverse relationship between birth weight and BP when current body size was included in the model. In one Nigerian study (27), no statistical association was noted, regardless of whether BMI was included as an independent variable. The largest published study thus far of black populations is from Jamaica (28), where 1610 children who were aged 6 to 16 were found to have an inverse relationship between birth size and BP when current size was controlled in the model.…”

Section: Racial Disparity In the Relationship Between Birth Weight Anmentioning

confidence: 93%

Racial Disparities in the Association between Birth Weight in the Term Infant and Blood Pressure at Age 7 Years

Hemachandra

Klebanoff

Furth

2006

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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BP has been inversely associated with birth weight in studies worldwide, but few studies have included black individuals. The US National Collaborative Perinatal Project followed 58,960 pregnant women and their resultant offspring for 7 yr. In this post hoc analysis, all term white or black children without kidney or heart disease were included (n ‫؍‬ 29,710). The effect of birth weight and other risk factors on systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) was evaluated at 7 yr. Mean birth weight and body mass index at 7 yr were slightly lower for black compared with white children (birth weight 3.14 ؎ 0.48 versus 3.32 ؎ 0. L ow birth weight, as an indicator of fetal growth restriction, has been associated recently with a number of chronic diseases in adult life. First widely publicized by Barker (1,2) in Great Britain, the "fetal programming," or "fetal origins of adult disease," hypothesis states that intrauterine compromise results in permanent alterations in fetal physiology. These adaptations may confer a survival advantage on the fetus while in a suboptimal intrauterine milieu but are deleterious to the individual after birth when nutrients and other resources are abundant (3,4). The hypothesized consequence is that growth-restricted neonates develop into children and adults with an increased risk for chronic diseases such cardiovascular disease (5), type 2 diabetes (6), metabolic syndrome (7), and osteoporosis (8).The body of evidence from epidemiologic studies of this hypothesis is largest in support of a relationship between low birth weight and hypertension later in life. A widely referenced meta-analysis of these studies (9) concluded that birth weight is inversely related to BP, most strongly in the pre-and postadolescent periods, but the overwhelming majority of these studies were conducted in primarily white populations, with very little ethnic diversity. Of the 80 studies included in the meta-analysis, only three focused primarily on populations of African descent.While reviewing the literature, we identified two studies of the relationship of size at birth and BP that directly compared black and white individuals. The Alabama Successive Small for Gestational Age Study (10) examined the relationship between intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and BP at age 5 yr and found that whereas white children had an inverse relationship between birth weight and BP, black children had a direct association. In contrast, the Bogalusa Heart Study (11) reported on 185 teenagers who were aged 15 to 17 yr and found an inverse

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Body size at birth and blood pressure among children in developing countries

Cited by 111 publications

References 31 publications

Overweight/obesity and hypertension in schoolchildren aged 6–16 years, Aden governorate, Yemen, 2009

Overweight/obesity and hypertension in schoolchildren aged 6–16 years, Aden governorate, Yemen, 2009

Low birth weight and residential proximity to PCB-contaminated waste sites.

Racial Disparities in the Association between Birth Weight in the Term Infant and Blood Pressure at Age 7 Years

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