Body size and host range co‐determine the altitudinal distribution of Neotropical tephritid flies

Kubota, Umberto; Loyola, Rafael; Almeida, Adriana M.; Carvalho, Débora de Azevedo; Lewinsohn, Thomas M.

doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00319.x

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…At the species-assemblage level, decreasing mean body size of phanaeine dung beetles with elevation contradicted Bergmann’s rule. Previous studies on body size changes along elevational gradients of Neotropical butterflies [25], geometrid moths [17] and tephritid flies [28] did not find support for Bergmann’s rule either. Brehm and Fiedler [17] argued that geographic body size patterns in Neotropical lepidopterans are mainly characterized by taxonomic idiosyncrasies, and that geometrid moths in particular do not require large bodies to maintain a certain flight temperature because of their relatively low thoracic temperatures during flight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Moreover, no convincing general hypothesis that explains insect body size patterns along climatic gradients is currently available [17]. At the interspecific or assemblage level, Bergmann’s rule was not supported by studies on Neotropical lepidopterans [17], [25] and flies [28], nor for European land snails [29]. Rapoport’s rule, on the other hand, has been found to apply to a small number of insect and arachnid taxa in South and Middle America [28], [30], [31], North America [32], [33], Africa [27] and Europe [34], [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rapoport’s rule, on the other hand, has been found to apply to a small number of insect and arachnid taxa in South and Middle America [28], [30], [31], North America [32], [33], Africa [27] and Europe [34], [35]. Only Kubota et al [28] tested both rules for the same taxonomic group (tephritid flies) and data set in southeast Brazil, albeit across a relatively narrow elevational gradient (700–2500 m). Thus, additional studies on a broader range of taxa are needed to determine whether these emerging biogeographic patterns generally apply to invertebrates [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevational Distribution and Conservation Biogeography of Phanaeine Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in Bolivia

et al. 2013

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Insect macroecology and conservation biogeography studies are disproportionately scarce, especially in the Neotropics. Dung beetles are an ideal focal taxon for biodiversity research and conservation. Using distribution and body size data on the ecologically important Phanaeini, the best-known Neotropical dung beetle tribe, we determined elevational patterns of species richness, endemism, body size, and elevational range in Bolivia, specifically testing Bergmann’s and Rapoport’s rule. Richness of all 39 species and of 15 ecoregional endemics showed a hump-shaped pattern peaking at 400 m, but overall declined strongly with elevation up to 4000 m. The relationship between endemic and total species richness appeared to be curvilinear, providing only partial support for the null hypothesis that species-rich areas are more likely to be centers of endemism by chance alone. An elevational increase in the proportion of ecoregional endemics suggests that deterministic factors also appear to influence endemism in the Andes. When controlling for the effect of area using different species-area relationships, the statistically significant richness peak became more pronounced and shifted upslope to 750 m. Larger species did not have higher elevational mid-points, and mean body size decreased significantly with elevation, contradicting Bergmann’s rule. Rapoport’s rule was supported: species with higher elevational mid-points had broader elevational ranges, and mean elevational range increased significantly with elevation. The elevational decrease of phanaeine richness is in accordance with studies that demonstrated the combined influence of temperature and water availability on species diversity, but also is consistent with niche conservatism. For invertebrates, confirmation of Rapoport’s and refutation of Bergmann’s rule appear to be scale-invariant general patterns. Analyses of biogeographic patterns across elevational gradients can provide important insights for identifying conservation priorities. Phanaeines with narrow elevational ranges on isolated low-elevation mountains in eastern Bolivia are at greatest climate-change related extinction risk from range-shift gaps and mountaintop extinctions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevational Distribution and Conservation Biogeography of Phanaeine Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in Bolivia

et al. 2013

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“…Reducing the level of significance to a more conservative value has been accepted as a way to reduce the effects of spatial autocorrelation in spatial patterns when particular methods for controlling this phenomenon is not applicable or simple unnecessary (see Diniz-Filho et al [55], Kubota et al [56], and Loyola [57]). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Consistency of Indicator Groups in Two Biodiversity Hotspots

Trindade-Filho

Loyola

2011

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundIn a world limited by data availability and limited funds for conservation, scientists and practitioners must use indicator groups to define spatial conservation priorities. Several studies have evaluated the effectiveness of indicator groups, but still little is known about the consistency in performance of these groups in different regions, which would allow their a priori selection.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe systematically examined the effectiveness and the consistency of nine indicator groups in representing mammal species in two top-ranked Biodiversity Hotspots (BH): the Brazilian Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest. To test for group effectiveness we first found the best sets of sites able to maximize the representation of each indicator group in the BH and then calculated the average representation of different target species by the indicator groups in the BH. We considered consistent indicator groups whose representation of target species was not statistically different between BH. We called effective those groups that outperformed the target-species representation achieved by random sets of species. Effective indicator groups required the selection of less than 2% of the BH area for representing target species. Restricted-range species were the most effective indicators for the representation of all mammal diversity as well as target species. It was also the only group with high consistency.Conclusions/SignificanceWe show that several indicator groups could be applied as shortcuts for representing mammal species in the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest to develop conservation plans, however, only restricted-range species consistently held as the most effective indicator group for such a task. This group is of particular importance in conservation planning as it captures high diversity of endemic and endangered species.

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“…O sistema Asteraceae-insetos associados está bem representado nos cerrados brasileiros (aLmeida et al 2006;diniz 2003;Kubota et al 2007, Prado et al 20022004). Nestes ambientes, ocorre alta diversidade, tanto de insetos endófagos como de plantas hospedeiras que concentram alimento e abrigo para esses insetos (Lewinsohn 1991).…”

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Efeito do tempo pós-queimada sobre comunidades de Tephritidae (Diptera) em áreas de cerrado na Chapada dos Guimarães – MT

et al. 2010

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Resumo. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: (i) analisar a riqueza, a abundância e a ocorrência de espécies de insetos endófagos de capítulos de Asteraceae da Chapada dos Guimarães-MT; (ii) avaliar o efeito do tempo decorrido pós-queimada sobre riqueza, abundância e distribuição de espécies de Tephritidae endófagos. Foram amostradas 13 áreas de cerrado nas quais foi traçado um transecto de 250m x 2m sobre uma isoclina topográfica. Todos os capítulos, de cada indivíduo florido, foram coletados e mantidos em potes telados para criação. Um total de 341 indivíduos pertencentes a sete espécies emergiram dos capítulos. Cecidochares e Xanthaciura foram os gêneros mais bem representados em relação ao número de espécies. A maioria dos insetos emergiu de capítulos coletados em apenas uma localidade. Somente Xanthaciura chrysura (Thomson) ocorreu em todas as localidades amostradas em que emergiram insetos. O tempo decorrido após a última queimada não teve efeito significativo sobre a riqueza, abundância e distribuição das espécies de Tephritidae endófagos. Palavras-chave:Asteraceae; Interação inseto-planta; Fogo; Planta hospedeira; Riqueza Effect of Post-Fire Time on Tephritidae (Diptera) Communities in Cerrado Areas at Chapada dosGuimarães -MT Abstract. The objectives of this study were to: (i) analyze the richness, abundance, and occurrence of endophagous insects in capitula of Asteraceae at Chapada dos Guimarães; (ii) evaluate the effect of post-fire time on the richness, abundance, and distribution of endophagous Tephritidae species. Thirteen cerrado areas were sampled, onto which a 250m × 2m transect was established over a topographic isocline. All capitula from individual plants were collected and maintained in screened rearing pots. Three hundred and forty-one individuals belonging to seven species emerged from the flowerheads. Cecidochares and Xanthaciura were the best-represented genera in relation to the number of species. Most insects emerged from capitula collected at a single locality. Only Xanthaciura chrysura (Thomson) occurred in all of the sampled localities at which emerged insects were obtained. The time elapsed after the last fire did not have a significant effect on the richness, abundance, and distribution of endophagous Tephritidae species.

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Body size and host range co‐determine the altitudinal distribution of Neotropical tephritid flies

Cited by 31 publications

References 49 publications

Elevational Distribution and Conservation Biogeography of Phanaeine Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in Bolivia

Elevational Distribution and Conservation Biogeography of Phanaeine Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in Bolivia

Performance and Consistency of Indicator Groups in Two Biodiversity Hotspots

Efeito do tempo pós-queimada sobre comunidades de Tephritidae (Diptera) em áreas de cerrado na Chapada dos Guimarães – MT

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