Body Size and Composition of Perimenarchal Girls

Forbes, Gilbert B.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1992.02160130065022

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The findings are new but were anticipated. They are consistent with studies examining differences in pre-and postmenarcheal girls in stature, weight, and skeletal age in other groups of adolescent girls (Dreizen et al, 1967;WHO, 1986;Fakeye, 1988) and with documented perimenarcheal changes in bone development (Frisancho et al, 1970;Forbes, 1992).…”

Section: Data Forsupporting

confidence: 87%

Menarcheal status and bone development in Guatemalan girls

Himes

Huang

1993

American J Hum Biol

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Premenarcheal and postmenarcheal girls of the same chronological ages (11.5-15.5 years) and from the same villages in Guatemala differ significantly in patterns and mean levels of several measures of bone development. Stature, metacarpal dimensions, bone mineral content and bone mineral density from single photon absorptiometry, and total alkaline phosphatase activity are significantly associated with menarcheal status. Controlling for chronological age, there is significant variation in bone development associated with variation in menarcheal status. Unequivocal presentation and analyses of bone development in adolescent girls require that menarcheal status or another adequate measure of maturation be considered. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Data Forsupporting

confidence: 87%

Menarcheal status and bone development in Guatemalan girls

Himes

Huang

1993

American J Hum Biol

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“…In agreement with our findings, Power et al [7] found that adjustment for childhood (age 11 y) BMI levels 'substantially reduced', but did not eliminate, the apparent influence of early maturation on adult obesity. However, these investigators did not provide an estimate of the independent association between menarcheal age and adult obesity, and it is possible that BMI levels at age 11 y were influenced by the many changes that occur near the time of menarche [32]. We found that even among 5- to 6-year-olds, BMI levels are inversely associated with the subsequent timing of menarche.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

The relation of menarcheal age to obesity in childhood and adulthood: the Bogalusa heart study

et al. 2003

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BackgroundSeveral studies have shown that girls who undergo menarche at a relatively young age tend to be more obese as adults. However, because childhood (pre-menarcheal) levels of weight and height are associated with an earlier menarche, the increased prevalence of adult obesity among early maturers may largely reflect the persistence of childhood obesity into adulthood.MethodsWe examined these interrelationships among 1179 girls (65% white, 35% black) who were examined as children (mean age, 9 y), adolescents, and adults (mean age, 26 y) in the Bogalusa Heart Study.ResultsBoth white and black women who reported that they underwent menarche before age 12 y had, on average, higher adult levels of weight (+10 kg), body mass index (BMI, +4 kg/m2) and skinfold thicknesses (+6 mm) than did women who underwent menarche after age 13.5 y. However, relatively fat children tended to undergo menarche earlier than did thinner children, with each standard deviation increase in pre-menarcheal BMI increasing the odds of early menarche (<12 y) by approximately 2-fold. Stratified and regression analyses indicated that (1) adult obesity was more strongly associated with childhood obesity than with menarcheal age, and (2) about 60% to 75% of the apparent effect of menarcheal age was due to the influence of childhood obesity on both menarcheal age and adult obesity.ConclusionsAlthough additional longitudinal studies are needed, it is likely that the importance of early menarche in adult obesity has been overestimated. Most of apparent influence of menarcheal age on adult obesity is attributable to the association of childhood obesity with both menarcheal age and adult obesity.

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“…21 The numerous changes that occur in the years preceding menarche, which is a relatively late event in puberty, make it difficult to determine which (if any) factor is causative. 31 The timing of menarche, 14…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of Age at Menarche to Race, Time Period, and Anthropometric Dimensions: The Bogalusa Heart Study

et al. 2002

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To assess secular trends in menarcheal age between 1973 and 1994 and to determine whether childhood levels of height, weight, and skinfold thicknesses can account for racial (white/black) differences in menarcheal age.Methods. Data from 7 cross-sectional examinations of school-aged children, with menarcheal age obtained through interviews, were used for both cross-sectional (11 218 observations) and longitudinal (n ‫؍‬ 2058) analyses. In the latter analyses, the baseline examination was performed between ages 5.0 and 9.9 years, and the mean follow-up was 6 years.Results. Black girls experienced menarche, on average, 3 months earlier than did white girls (12.3 vs 12.6 years), and during the 20-year study period, the median menarcheal age decreased by approximately 9.5 months among black girls versus approximately 2 months among white girls. As compared with 5-to 9-year-old white girls, black girls were taller and weighed more, characteristics that were predictive of a relatively early (before age 11.0 years) menarche. However, even after adjustment for weight, height, and other characteristics, the rate of early menarche remained 1.4-fold higher among black girls than among white girls.Conclusions. Additional study of the determinants of menarcheal age is needed, as the timing of pubertal maturation may influence the risk of various diseases in adulthood. Pediatrics 2002;110(4). URL: http://www. pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/110/4/e43; menarche, obesity, blacks, height, secular trend.ABBREVIATIONS. BMI, body mass index; RR, rate ratio. B lack girls in the United States undergo sexual development at younger ages than do white girls. [1][2][3][4][5] In a study of 17 000 girls, for example, mean menarcheal ages were 12.2 years (blacks) and 12.9 years (whites), 4 a racial difference consistent with those that have been observed in the development of breast and pubic hair. 2,3 The timing of these events may influence the risk of various diseases in adulthood, and an early menarche has been associated with an increased risk for breast cancer, 6 obesity, 7-9 and spontaneous abortion. 10 The reasons for these racial differences in menarcheal age are uncertain, but several characteristics, such as obesity, 11-14 height, 3,8,13-15 and skeletal maturation, 16 -18 are known to influence sexual development. Furthermore, the dramatic decrease in menarcheal age between the mid-1800s and the mid-1900s 19 may be related to the changes in childhood heights and weights that occurred during this period as a result of improved nutritional status. As compared with similarly aged white girls, black girls are more advanced skeletally (after age 9 years), 20 are taller, 3,21 and are heavier. 3 It is uncertain, however, whether these characteristics account for the earlier sexual development of black girls in the United States.The objectives of the current study were to examine changes in the menarcheal ages of girls between 1973 and 1994 and to determine whether differences between black and white girls are attri...

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Body Size and Composition of Perimenarchal Girls

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Menarcheal status and bone development in Guatemalan girls

Menarcheal status and bone development in Guatemalan girls

The relation of menarcheal age to obesity in childhood and adulthood: the Bogalusa heart study

Relation of Age at Menarche to Race, Time Period, and Anthropometric Dimensions: The Bogalusa Heart Study

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