Body size and composition in Polynesians

Swinburn, Boyd; Ley, Sarah; Carmichael, H; Plank, L D

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801053

Cited by 192 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(7 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

160

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Participants with a ratio of energy intake to estimated resting metabolic rate (EI:RMR est ) of <0·9 were classified as low energy reporters. The method used to identify low energy reporters was consistent with that used by Pikholz et al (8) and Gemming et al (9) , with specific equations from Swinburn et al used for NZ Māori and Pacific ethnic groups to estimate fat mass from BMI and RMR est (10) . Participants with incomplete data for weight and height, and those of non-European ethnicity within the derived NZ European and Others ethnic group were excluded from the sensitivity analysis.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Secular changes in intakes of foods among New Zealand adults from 1997 to 2008/09

Smith

Gray

Mainvil

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To examine changes in the food choices of New Zealand (NZ) adults, between the 1997 National Nutrition Survey (NNS97) and the 2008/09 NZ Adult Nutrition Survey (2008/09 NZANS). Design: The 2008/09 NZANS and the NNS97 were cross-sectional surveys of NZ adults (aged 15 years and over). Dietary intake data were collected using a computer-based 24 h diet recall. Logistic regression models were used to examine changes over time in the percentage reporting each food group, with survey year, sex and age group (19-30 years, 31-50 years, 51-70 years, ≥71 years) as the variables. Setting: NZ households. Subjects: Adults aged 19 years and over (NNS97, n 4339; 2008/09 NZANS, n 3995). Results: In the 2008/09 NZANS compared with NNS97, males and females were less likely to report consuming bread, potatoes, beef, vegetables, breakfast cereal, milk, cheese, butter, pies, biscuits, cakes and puddings, and sugar/confectionery (all P < 0·001). In contrast, there was an increase in the percentage reporting rice and rice dishes (P < 0·001), and among females a reported increase in snacks and snack bars (e.g. crisps, extruded snacks, muesli bars; P = 0·007) and pasta and pasta dishes (P = 0·017). Although food choices were associated with sex and age group, there were few differential changes between the surveys by sex or age group. Conclusions: For all age groups there was a shift in the percentage who reported consuming the traditional NZ foods, namely bread, beef, potatoes and vegetables, towards more rice and rice dishes. Declines in the consumption of butter, pies, biscuits, cakes and puddings are congruent with current dietary guidelines.

show abstract

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Secular changes in intakes of foods among New Zealand adults from 1997 to 2008/09

Smith

Gray

Mainvil

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, there is increasing evidence suggesting that this cut-off value cannot be applied to nonCaucasian populations, e.g. Asian or Pacific island populations (Swinburn et al, 1999; WHO/IASO/IOTF, 2000; Ko et al, 2001). Conventional BMI cut-offs would underestimate the prevalence of obesity for Asian populations, but overestimate it for Pacific island populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition and resting metabolic rate of Japanese college Sumo wrestlers and non-athlete students: are Sumo wrestlers obese?

Yamauchi

Abe

Midorikawa

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The body mass index [BMI = body weight/height 2 (kg/m2 )] is widely used as an indicator of obesity. However, BMI is not the best way to assess obesity, because obesity is an excess of body fat, not body weight. The difference between obesity assessments based on BMI and those based on the percentage of body fat (%Fat) causes problems in evaluating extraordinarily large people, such as Sumo wrestlers, who have both a large fat mass and a large muscle mass. We assessed obesity in male college Sumo wrestlers (n = 15) and non-athlete students (n = 20) using BMI and %Fat as reference indices. Anthropometric parameters and resting metabolic rate (in the sitting position) were measured. The mean body weight, BMI, and %Fat for Sumo wrestlers were 125.1 kg, 40.0, and 25.6%, respectively, which were extraordinarily high, as compared to non-athlete students (P < 0.01). All of the Sumo wrestlers were categorized as obese using the BMI criteria proposed by the World Health Organization: eight were 'severely obese' (35 £ BMI < 40) and seven were 'very severely obese' (BMI ³ 40). However, only 40% of the wrestlers (n = 6) were categorized as obese when %Fat was used as the reference (%Fat > 25%). Furthermore, the body composition chart clearly showed that some Sumo wrestlers were no more adipose than the non-athlete students. Due to their remarkable muscle development, Sumo wrestlers have an excessive fat-free mass. Thus we conclude that it is necessary to consider both BMI and %Fat to assess obesity in excessively muscular people, such as Sumo wrestlers. Furthermore, we propose new criteria and methods for documenting obesity in Sumo wrestlers based on energy metabolism that considers physical activity and dietary intake.

show abstract

“…21 Another study showed that, at higher BMI levels, Polynesians had significantly more lean mass than Europeans. 22 Another possible explanation is that, as Polynesians in New Caledonia are generally employed in heavy, energy-consuming work, this may significantly enhance their insulin sensitivity. 4,23 Also, it cannot be excluded that Polynesians have an insulin-deficient form of diabetes, different from type 2.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between glycaemic abnormalities, obesity and insulin resistance in nondiabetic Polynesians of New Caledonia

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Polynesians in New Caledonia have an increased risk for developing diabetes, compared to Melanesians or Europeans. They are also more prone to obesity. The aim of this study was to analyse differences in the pre-diabetic state that may explain the varying susceptibility to diabetes between these three ethnic groups, focusing on the balance between insulin resistance and capacity of pancreatic cells to secrete insulin. Design and subjects: The CALDIA Study is a population-based cross-sectional survey of diabetes prevalence conducted in New Caledonia. All participants who did not have diabetes, according to the results of a 0-2 h oral glucose tolerance test (n ¼ 392), were selected for analysis. Results: Compared to Europeans, Polynesians and Melanesians had significantly higher body mass indices (BMI) and waist-tohip ratios (WHRs). Polynesians had higher fasting plasma glucose values than Europeans or Melanesians (6.03 mmol/l, vs 5.78 and 5.46, respectively; Po0.0001). Fasting plasma insulin level and the estimate of insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment were not significantly different between the three ethnic groups. Homeostasis model assessment estimate of b-cell secretory capacity was lower in Polynesians compared to the two other ethnic groups (83.1 mU/mmol, vs 119.3 and 125.2, respectively; Po0.02). Conclusion: Despite a high prevalence of central obesity, as judged by high BMI and WHR, in Polynesians of New Caledonia, their high risk of diabetes may be more strongly related to a defect in insulin secretion capacity than to insulin resistance.

show abstract

Body size and composition in Polynesians

Cited by 192 publications

References 13 publications

Secular changes in intakes of foods among New Zealand adults from 1997 to 2008/09

Secular changes in intakes of foods among New Zealand adults from 1997 to 2008/09

Body composition and resting metabolic rate of Japanese college Sumo wrestlers and non-athlete students: are Sumo wrestlers obese?

Relationships between glycaemic abnormalities, obesity and insulin resistance in nondiabetic Polynesians of New Caledonia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About