Body size and body composition effects on heat loss from the hands during severe cold exposure

Payne, Stephanie; Macintosh, A. A.; Stock, Jay T.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.23432

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 84 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, higher birth weights may solve the problem of increased risk of hypothermia early in life in colder settings (Kumar et al 2009;Wells 2002;Wells and Cole 2002). Further support for the concept of developmental plasticity in body proportions stems from work observing heterogeneity linked to sensitivity of different body regions to stress exposure during growth (Payne et al 2018;Pomeroy et al 2012).…”

Section: Energetic Implications Of Ecogeographical Patterningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-endurance athletic performance suggests that energetics drive human morphological thermal adaptation

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Both extinct and extant hominin populations display morphological features consistent with Bergmann's and Allen's Rules. However, the functional implications of the morphologies described by these ecological laws are poorly understood. We examined this through the lens of endurance running. Previous research concerning endurance running has focused on locomotor energetic economy. We considered a less-studied dimension of functionality, thermoregulation. The performance of male ultra-marathon runners (n = 88) competing in hot and cold environments was analysed with reference to expected thermoregulatory energy costs and the optimal morphologies predicted by Bergmann's and Allen's Rules. Ecogeographical patterning supporting both principles was observed in thermally challenging environments. Finishers of hot-condition events had significantly longer legs than finishers of cold-condition events. Furthermore, hot-condition finishers had significantly longer legs than those failing to complete hot-condition events. A degree of niche-picking was evident; athletes may have tailored their event entry choices in accordance with their previous race experiences. We propose that the interaction between prolonged physical exertion and hot or cold climates may induce powerful selective pressures driving morphological adaptation. The resulting phenotypes reduce thermoregulatory energetic expenditure, allowing diversion of energy to other functional outcomes such as faster running.

show abstract

Section: Energetic Implications Of Ecogeographical Patterningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-endurance athletic performance suggests that energetics drive human morphological thermal adaptation

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We consider the role of muscle mass to be highly relevant in general, independently of its functional impact, but all the more so for older people. Apart from its prominent role on thermoregulatory control in cold and hot environmental conditions (Kenney and Buskirk, 1995;Blatteis, 2012;Balmain et al, 2018;Payne et al, 2018), muscle mass plays a vital role in energy intake control, thermogenesis and resting metabolic rate and thus may be of outstanding relevance for combating obesity (Clarke and Henry, 2010;Dulloo et al, 2017). Further, low muscle mass is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors ( (Kim and Choi, 2015;Prado et al, 2018;Mesinovic et al, 2019), chronic inflammation (Minn and Suk, 2017;Suyoto and Aulia, 2019), metabolic syndrome (Zhang et al, 2018); diabetes (Srikanthan and Karlamangla, 2011;Son et al, 2017;Mesinovic et al, 2019), and white matter brain changes/silent infarction (Minn and Suk, 2017) 8 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Intensity Resistance Exercise Training to Improve Body Composition and Strength in Older Men With Osteosarcopenia. Results of the Randomized Controlled Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST)

Kemmler

Weineck

Kohl

et al. 2020

Front. Sports Act. Living

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Considerably decreased muscle mass and function are subsumed under "sarcopenia," a geriatric syndrome. Dedicated exercise programs maintain muscle mass and function; however, due to the limited enthusiasm of older adults to exercise, it is important to generate low-threshold interventions for this vulnerable cohort. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of low volume/high intensity resistance exercise training (HIT-RT) combined with protein supplementation on body composition and strength in older men with sarcopenia and osteopenia (osteosarcopenia). Forty-three community-dwelling (cdw) older men (78 ± 4 years) with osteosarcopenia were randomly allocated to a consistently supervised HIT-RT (n = 21) or an inactive control group (CG, n = 22). HIT-RT scheduled a single set protocol with high intensity and effort applied twice a week for 36 weeks so far. Both groups were supplemented with Vit-D (800 IE/d), calcium (1,000 mg/d) and whey-protein (CG: 1.2 vs. HIT-RT: 1.5-1.7 g/kg/d). Study endpoints were body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) and maximum isokinetic hip/leg-extensor strength (MIES) by leg-press. After 36 weeks, one participant who developed prostate cancer after inclusion in the study (HIT-RT) and two participants who lost interest (CG, HIT-RT) quit the study. Attendance rate for HIT-RT averaged 93 ± 5%. Total and thigh lean body mass (LBM) significantly (p < 0.001) increased in the HIT-RT and was maintained in the CG (p = 0.46 and 0.37). Differences between the groups for changes of total and thigh LBM were pronounced (p < 0.001; SMD d ′ = 1.17 and 1.20). Total and abdominal body fat percentage decreased significantly in the HIT-RT (p < 0.001) and increased in the CG (p = 0.039 and p = 0.097). Intergroup differences were significant (p < 0.001; SMD: d ′ = 1.35 and 1.28). Finally, MIES was maintained in the CG (p = 0.860), and improved significantly (p < 0.001) in the HIT-RT. Differences between the groups were significant (p < 0.001, SMD: d ′ = 2.41). No adverse effects Kemmler et al. HIT-RT in Older Men With Osteosarcopenia of the intervention were observed. In summary, the HIT-RT/protein protocol significantly affected body composition and strength in cdw men 72 years+ with osteosarcopenia. In the absence of negative side effects, the intervention was feasible, attractive and time effective. Thus, we conclude that supervised HIT-RT might be an exercise option for older men.

show abstract

“…Increasing lean mass while reducing fat mass increases the body’s efficiency at undertaking physical tasks 22. The thermogenic properties of lean mass are also important for polar expeditions; skeletal muscle contributes to temperature maintenance during cold exposure 23…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience from the selection and nutritional preparation for Expedition ICE MAIDEN: the first successful all-female unassisted Antarctic traverse

Taylor¹,

Gifford

Cobb³

et al. 2019

BMJ Mil Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionExpedition ICE MAIDEN (Ex IM) was the first all-female unsupported crossing of Antarctica. We describe the prerequisite selection and training, comparing those who formed the final team with other participants, and discuss how the expedition diet was established.MethodsAll women serving in the British Army were invited to participate. Following initial assessments, successful women completed three training/selection ski expeditions. Between expeditions 1 and 2, participants completed 6 months rigorous UK-based training. Weight was measured before and after the 6 months UK-based training, expeditions 2 and 3, and body composition by skinfold before and after expedition 2. Participant feedback, body composition and weight changes were applied to modify the expedition diet and provide weight gain targets prior to Ex IM.ResultsFollowing 250 applications, 50 women were assessed and 22, 12 and seven women attended training expeditions 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The final team of six women lost more weight than other participants during UK-based training (mean (SD) change −1.3 (1.5) kg vs −0.5 (1.6) kg, respectively, p=0.046) and during training expedition 2 (−2.8 (0.8) kg vs −1.7 (0.4) kg, respectively, p=0.048), when they also gained more lean mass (+2.1 (0.8) kg vs +0.4 (0.7) kg, respectively, p=0.004). The Ex IM diet provided 5000 kCal/day, comprising approximately 45% carbohydrate, 45% fat and 10% protein. Median (range) weight change between expedition 3 and Ex IM was +8.7 (−1.9 to +14.3) kg.ConclusionsThe selected Ex IM team demonstrated favourable training-associated body composition changes. Training-associated weight loss informed the expeditionary diet design.

show abstract

Body size and body composition effects on heat loss from the hands during severe cold exposure

Cited by 28 publications

References 84 publications

Ultra-endurance athletic performance suggests that energetics drive human morphological thermal adaptation

Ultra-endurance athletic performance suggests that energetics drive human morphological thermal adaptation

High Intensity Resistance Exercise Training to Improve Body Composition and Strength in Older Men With Osteosarcopenia. Results of the Randomized Controlled Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST)

Experience from the selection and nutritional preparation for Expedition ICE MAIDEN: the first successful all-female unassisted Antarctic traverse

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About