Body Size, Age, and Disease Influence Female Reproductive Performance in &lt;I&gt;Choristoneura conflictana&lt;/I&gt; (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Evenden, Maya L.; López, Marta; Keddie, B. A.

doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[837:bsaadi]2.0.co;2

Cited by 21 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…For example, age can affect egg production and, therefore, reproductive potential, within both virgin and nonvirgin females. In many insects, including field crickets, older females typically produce fewer eggs than young females; thus, older females typically have less reproductive potential (Evenden, Lopez, & Keddie, 2006;Foster & Howard, 1999;Kindlmann, Dixon, & Dost alkov a, 2001;Omkar & Pervez, 2002). In contrast, many fish show the opposite pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female mate choice plasticity is affected by the interaction between male density and female age in a field cricket

Atwell

Wagner

2014

Animal Behaviour

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female mate choice plasticity is affected by the interaction between male density and female age in a field cricket

Atwell

Wagner

2014

Animal Behaviour

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“…However, the amount of empirical data currently available is limited. While studies investigating the relationship between female mating success and age have been conducted in moths (Delisle 1995;Evenden et al 2006), we are unaware of any study that has directly investigated the relationship between calling effort and male response. Such studies would provide important data, especially if they investigated both time spent calling and pheromone titer.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Empirical and Theoretical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Mothematics of Female Pheromone Signaling: Strategies for Aging Virgins

Umbers¹,

Symonds

Kokko

2015

The American Naturalist

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Although females rarely experience strong mate limitation, delays or lifelong problems of mate acquisition are detrimental to female fitness. In systems where males search for females via pheromone plumes, it is often difficult to assess whether female signaling is costly. Direct costs include the energetics of pheromone production and attention from unwanted eavesdroppers, such as parasites, parasitoids, and predators. Suboptimal outcomes are also possible from too many or too few mating events or near-simultaneous arrival of males who make unwanted mating attempts (even if successfully thwarted). We show that, in theory, even small costs can lead to a scenario where young females signal less intensely (lower pheromone concentration and/or shorter time spent signaling) and increase signaling effort only as they age and gather evidence (while still virgin) on whether sperm limitation threatens their reproductive success. Our synthesis of the empirical data available on Lepidoptera supports this prediction for one frequently reported component of signalingtime spent calling (often reported as the time of onset of calling at night)-but not for another, pheromone titer. This difference is explicable under the plausible but currently untested assumption that signaling earlier than other females each night is a more reliable way of increasing the probability of acquiring at least one mate than producing a more concentrated pheromone plume. Submitted February 24, 2014; Accepted October 3, 2014; Electronically published February 2, 2015 Online enhancement: appendix.abstract: Although females rarely experience strong mate limitation, delays or lifelong problems of mate acquisition are detrimental to female fitness. In systems where males search for females via pheromone plumes, it is often difficult to assess whether female signaling is costly. Direct costs include the energetics of pheromone production and attention from unwanted eavesdroppers, such as parasites, parasitoids, and predators. Suboptimal outcomes are also possible from too many or too few mating events or near-simultaneous arrival of males who make unwanted mating attempts (even if successfully thwarted). We show that, in theory, even small costs can lead to a scenario where young females signal less intensely (lower pheromone concentration and/or shorter time spent signaling) and increase signaling effort only as they age and gather evidence (while still virgin) on whether sperm limitation threatens their reproductive success. Our synthesis of the empirical data available on Lepidoptera supports this prediction for one frequently reported component of signaling-time spent calling (often reported as the time of onset of calling at night)-but not for another, pheromone titer. This difference is explicable under the plausible but currently untested assumption that signaling earlier than other females each night is a more reliable way of increasing the probability of acquiring at least one mate than producing a more concentrated pheromone plume.

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“…The response ratio is best suited to metaanalyses of studies in which the traits, such as fecundity, fertility, longevity, and pre-oviposition period, being analyzed can be drastically different among species (Arnqvist & Nilsson, 2000). Data were obtained from the figures presented in three studies (Spurgeon et al, 1997;Foster & Howard, 1999;Evenden et al, 2006) using ImageJ Software as the means and measures of variance were not reported within the text (Rasband, 2011). Following the metaanalysis, all mean response ratios were back transformed and converted to a percent change in the experimental group to allow for ease of interpretation of the effect on a given trait.…”

Section: Data Retrieval and Meta-analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

When mating disruption does not disrupt mating: fitness consequences of delayed mating in moths

Mori

Evenden

2012

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The goals of pheromone-mediated mating disruption are to interfere with mate finding, suppress insect population growth, and prevent crop damage. In addition to prevention of mating, pheromone treatment can also result in a delay of mating so that the fitness and subsequent population dynamics of the target insect pest are impacted. Females have a limited time to mate, mature eggs, and find suitable oviposition hosts, and a delay in mating can have large consequences on female fitness. As a result, delayed mating could be considered an indirect method by which mating disruption works to control pest populations. We perform a metaanalysis on 24 experimental studies to assess the consequences of delayed mating on female moth fecundity, egg fertility, adult longevity, and pre-oviposition period. Our goal is to determine whether the effect of delayed mating on female moth fitness is influenced by the following explanatory variables: moth family, voltinism, larval diet breadth, adult dispersal capacity, female mating strategy, and egg development strategy. Across species, the effect of delayed mating on female moths significantly decreases fecundity, fertility, and pre-oviposition period and increases female longevity. The effect of delayed mating on female fitness is only marginally affected by the explanatory variables tested. We discuss the observed patterns and argue that delayed mating can be an important method by which population regulation is achieved through pheromonemediated mating disruption. Finally, we highlight areas where future research could add to the growing body of knowledge on mating disruption-imposed delayed mating of female moths.

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Body Size, Age, and Disease Influence Female Reproductive Performance in <I>Choristoneura conflictana</I> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Female mate choice plasticity is affected by the interaction between male density and female age in a field cricket

Female mate choice plasticity is affected by the interaction between male density and female age in a field cricket

The Mothematics of Female Pheromone Signaling: Strategies for Aging Virgins

When mating disruption does not disrupt mating: fitness consequences of delayed mating in moths

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