Body schema plasticity is altered in Developmental Coordination Disorder

Martel, Marie; Boulenger, Véronique; Koun, Éric; Finos, Livio; Farnè, Alessandro; Roy, Alice C.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108136

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…This suggests the involvement of factors beyond cognitive Our results are congruent with Martel et al's (2022) results, showing that children and young adolescents with DCD have preserved motor learning capacity, but altered body representation updating abilities. In their study, Martel et al (2022) argued that a previously neglected aspect of internal models is this body estimate, a representation of the body for action, that allows monitoring the position and size of different effectors (de Vignemont, 2010;Head & Holmes, 1911;Martel et al, 2016). Altogether, our results provide solid evidence in favor of such an interpretation, and this interpretation offers a largely unexplored cognitive mechanism to explain faulty internal representations in DCD.…”

Section: Children With Dcd Have An Altered Body Representationsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…In their study, Martel et al (2022) predicted that children with DCD should show a less plastic body schema estimate than their peers, but that the body image and its plasticity should be preserved since body image has not been linked to motor control. However, in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders, we argue that it is very unlikely that body image plasticity is independent of body schema plasticity, especially during the intense period of change of that these representations undergo in adolescence.…”

Section: Altered Body Image or Body Schema In Dcd?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent evidence also suggest that DCD affects the updating of the body schema (Martel et al, 2022). Martel et al (2022) used a tooluse paradigm to show that when children with DCD were asked to reach for an object with their hand before and after extensive tooluse, children with DCD explicitly judged, as well as their neurotypical peers, that their arm was shorter after tool use. However, tool use affected the movements of participants with DCD only in terms of amplitude, but not latency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alteration of body representation in typical and atypical motor development

Gauduel,

Blondet,

Gonzalez‐Monge

et al. 2023

Developmental Science

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Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) impacts the quality of life and ability to perform coordinated actions in 5% of school‐aged children. The quality of body representations of individuals with DCD has been questioned, but never assessed. We hypothesize that children with DCD have imprecise body representations in the sensory and motor domains. Twenty neurotypical children, seventeen children with DCD (8–12 years old) and twenty neurotypical adults (25–45 years old) performed both sensory and motor body representation tasks: a limb identification and a limb movement task. We observed lower accuracy in the sensory task but not in the motor task. In both tasks, we observe a larger amplitude of errors, or synkinesis, in children with DCD than in neurotypical children. In neurotypical children, accuracy was lower than in neurotypical adults in the motor and sensory task, and the amplitude of sensory errors and synkinesis was higher than in neurotypical adults. Using a linear regression model, we showed that sensory accuracy is a good predictor of synkinesis production, and that synkinesis production is a good predictor of sensory accuracy, as can be expected by the perception‐action loop. Results support the hypothesis of an imprecision of body representation in DCD. We suggest that this imprecision arises from noise in the body representation used at the level of internal models of action. Future studies may assess whether slower plasticity of body representations, initial imprecision, or both may account for this observation. At the clinical level, prevention strategies targeting body representation in early childhood are strategically important to limit such impairments.

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Section: Children With Dcd Have An Altered Body Representationsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Altered Body Image or Body Schema In Dcd?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alteration of body representation in typical and atypical motor development

Gauduel,

Blondet,

Gonzalez‐Monge

et al. 2023

Developmental Science

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“…Finally, some authors support the hypothesis of a maturational delay as compared to age-matched typical children rather than structural impairment (Hyde & Wilson, 2013; Li et al, 2015; Zoia et al, 2002). Recently, using a tool-use paradigm we probed body representation plasticity and found a deficit in children with DCD and adolescents thus favouring the internal model deficit hypothesis (Martel et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Motor deficits in autism differ from that of developmental coordination disorder

Martel

Finos

Bahmad

et al. 2023

Autism

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Autism spectrum disorders and developmental coordination disorders are both associated with sensorimotor impairments, yet their nature and specificity remain unknown. In order to clearly distinguish the specificity between the two disorders, children with autism spectrum disorder or developmental coordination disorder presenting the same degree of motor impairment, thus homogeneous profiles, were examined in a reach-to-displace paradigm, which allows the integrity of two main aspects of motor control (anticipation/feedforward control and movement correction/feedback control) to be separately interrogated. We manipulated children’s previous knowledge of the weight of the object they were to displace: when known, participants could anticipate the consequences of the weight when reaching for the object, prior to contact with it, thus allowing for feedforward control. Conversely, when unknown prior to contact, participants had to cope with the object weight in the displacing phase of the movement, and use feedback control. Results revealed a preserved feedforward control, but an impaired movement execution (atypical slowness) in children with developmental coordination disorder, while children with autism spectrum disorder displayed the opposite pattern with an impaired feedforward control, but a preserved feedback one. These findings shed light on how specific motor impairments might differently characterize developmental disorders and call for motor rehabilitation programmes adapted to each population. Lay abstract A vast majority of individuals with autism spectrum disorder experience impairments in motor skills. Those are often labelled as additional developmental coordination disorder despite the lack of studies comparing both disorders. Consequently, motor skills rehabilitation programmes in autism are often not specific but rather consist in standard programmes for developmental coordination disorder. Here, we compared motor performance in three groups of children: a control group, an autism spectrum disorder group and a developmental coordination disorder group. Despite similar level of motor skills evaluated by the standard movement assessment battery for children, in a Reach-to-Displace Task, children with autism spectrum disorder and developmental coordination disorder showed specific motor control deficits. Children with autism spectrum disorder failed to anticipate the object properties, but could correct their movement as well as typically developing children. In contrast, children with developmental coordination disorder were atypically slow, but showed a spared anticipation. Our study has important clinical implications as motor skills rehabilitations are crucial to both populations. Specifically, our findings suggest that individuals with autism spectrum disorder would benefit from therapies aiming at improving their anticipation, maybe through the support of their preserved representations and use of sensory information. Conversely, individuals with developmental coordination disorder would benefit from a focus on the use of sensory information in a timely fashion.

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“…Another direction is that of different types of disabilities or deficiencies. These studies focus on the role of the body schema in psychomotor interventions in children with motor coordination developmental disorders [ 22 , 23 , 24 ], motor deficiencies [ 25 ], amputees [ 26 ], psychiatric disorders [ 27 ], and anorexia nervosa [ 28 ]. School physical education also addresses this topic, especially at the level of primary education [ 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Body Schema and Scholar Maturity: A Study from the National College of Banat in Timisoara, Romania

et al. 2022

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the role and importance of specific physical exercises in the development of the body schema in preparatory class pupils and its effect on the development of maturity. Methods: The experiment took place over a period of 10 weeks in which two physical education lessons per week were scheduled; the lessons include specific themes for the development of the body schema and contain exercises to arouse pupils’ interest in sports and physical activities from this age. A number of 150 pupils aged between 5 years and 6 months and 7 years and 6 months participated in the experiment. The pupils were divided into two groups: the experimental group (76 pupils, 32 boys and 34 girls) and the control group (74 pupils, 31 boys and 33 girls). Next, the “Draw-a-Person” Test was applied at the beginning and end of the experiment. Results: The analysis of the results highlights the fact that after completing the intervention plan there is a significant improvement in the results of the experimental group on the Maturity Scale and implicitly on the three development scales: Head Scale, Body Schema Scale, and Clothing Scale. Among the three scales, the Body Schema Scale has the greatest influence on the Maturity Scale (r = 0.841). Conclusions: The preparatory class produces a connection between the kindergarten and the school; furthermore, the physical education lessons with an emphasis on the development of the body scheme contribute to the development of maturity and school preparation of the pupils.

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Body schema plasticity is altered in Developmental Coordination Disorder

Cited by 6 publications

References 109 publications

Alteration of body representation in typical and atypical motor development

Alteration of body representation in typical and atypical motor development

Motor deficits in autism differ from that of developmental coordination disorder

Relationship between Body Schema and Scholar Maturity: A Study from the National College of Banat in Timisoara, Romania

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