Body‐scaled ratio as a control parameter for prehension in 5‐ to 9‐year‐old children

Kamp, John van der; Savelsbergh, Geert J.P.; Davis, Walter E.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2302(199812)33:4<351::aid-dev6>3.3.co;2-n

Cited by 9 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Dynamical systems theory assumes that stable patterns of macroscopic behavior emerge and change over time due to the lawful nonlinear interaction of animal and environmental properties and components (Kelso, 1995;Kugler & Turvey, 1987;Turvey, 1990). In other words, rather than assuming that stable patterns of behav-ior are solely the result of mental or representational processes, researchers employing dynamical systems theory argue that the physical and informational constraints that exist between an individual and the environment operate to dynamically self-organize the observed patterns of human behavior (Kelso, 1995;Kugler, Kelso, & Turvey, 1980;van der Kamp & Davis, 1998).…”

Section: Affordances and Dynamical Systems Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Judging and actualizing intrapersonal and interpersonal affordances.

Richardson¹,

Marsh²,

Baron³

2007

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

200

204

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The current study investigated the perception of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and tool-based grasping possibilities. In Experiment 1, participants judged whether they would grasp planks of wood-presented in ascending, descending, and random orders of length-using one hand (1H), two hands (2H), or with a tool that extended their reach (TH). In Experiment 2, participants physically grasped the planks using 1H, 2H, or TH. In Experiments 3 and 4, the choice of TH was replaced with a choice of grasping the planks with another person (2P). The results showed that presentation order influenced the participants' behavior differently in the judgment and action experiments. The same behavioral patterns, however, were observed when participants switched between 1H and 2H, 2H and TH, and 2H and 2P grasping. The point at which participants judged they would switch between the different modes of grasping, as well as the point at which participants physically switched between the grasping modes, occurred at similar action-scaled ratios. The equivalence of perceiving intrapersonal and interpersonal affordances is discussed.

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Section: Affordances and Dynamical Systems Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Judging and actualizing intrapersonal and interpersonal affordances.

Richardson¹,

Marsh²,

Baron³

2007

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

200

204

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“…Hence, it is quite likely that animals should evolve so as to perceive the action possibilities in their environments. And although it is hard to demonstrate empirically that affordances are the primary objects of perception, recent studies have revealed that humans are fairly accurate in perceiving what behavior the environment affords (e.g., Heft, 1993;Mark, 1987;Oudejans, Michaels, Bakker, & Dolne, 1996;Oudejans, Michaels, van Dort, & Frissen, 1996;van der Kamp, Savelsbergh, & Davis, 1998;Warren, 1984;Warren & Whang, 1987).…”

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confidence: 93%

The Role of Affordances in the Evolutionary Process Reconsidered

Withagen

Wermeskerken

2010

Theory & Psychology

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Gibson asserted that affordances are the primary objects of perception. Although this assertion is especially attractive when considered in the context of evolutionary theory, the role that affordances play in the evolution of animals' perceptual and action systems is still unclear. Trying to combine the insights of both Gibson and Darwin, Reed developed a selectionist view in which affordances are conceived as resources that exert selection pressures, giving rise to animals equipped with action systems. Reed's advocacy of selectionism, however, has been criticized on several grounds, among which is an inconsistency with recent trends in evolutionary thinking. Current developments in evolutionary biology indeed ask for a reconsideration of the role of affordances in the evolution of perceptual and action systems. Adopting a niche construction perspective, we reexamine the role of affordances in the evolutionary process. It is argued that affordances and their utilization, destruction, and creation are central elements in evolutionary dynamics. The implications for ecological psychology and evolutionary theory are explored.

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“…Hysteresis has a long history in inanimate systems and has, in recent years, been variously reported in different animate systems. In particular it has been reported in a number of human perception-action experiments (e.g., Fitzpatrick, Carello, Schmidt, & Corey, 1994;Lopresti-Goodman, Richardson, Baron, Carello, & Marsh, 2009;Richardson, Marsh, & Baron, 2007;Tuller, Case, Ding, & Kelso, 1994;Van der Kamp, Savelsbergh, & Davis, 1998). Diedrich and Warren (1995) provided a dynamical systems account for human gait transition (with walking and running as two attractive states of the system) and demonstrated that gait transitions satisfy the criteria of nonlinear phase transitionsspecifically, they exhibit hysteresis, that is, higher transition speed for WR in a sequence of increasing treadmill speeds than for RW in a sequence of decreasing treadmill speeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait transition dynamics are modulated by concurrent cognitive activity

Abdolvahab

2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

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In tasks with two categorically distinct behavioral possibilities a person beginning with one option will typically switch to the other at a higher value of a control parameter in an ascending (increasing) sequence than in a descending (decreasing) sequence. For example, the switch from walking to running on an accelerating treadmill occurs at a higher speed than the switch from running to walking on a decelerating treadmill. The reported research posed the question of whether this variant of behavioral hysteresis was affected by concurrent cognitive activity. Participants walked or ran on a treadmill with a constant acceleration or deceleration while counting backwards by sevens or ones, or not counting. The degree of hysteresis, the difference between walk-to-run and run-to-walk transition speeds, increased with cognitive difficulty. Specifically, the increased hysteresis was shown to be due to lower run-to-walk transition speeds for the more difficult concurrent cognitive tasks. These results support the hypothesis that cognitive load occupies attentional resources that contribute to triggering human gait transitions.

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Body‐scaled ratio as a control parameter for prehension in 5‐ to 9‐year‐old children

Abstract: The purpose of the experiment was threefold: (a) To find evidence that grasping is body-scaled and thus remains invariant during development; (b) to

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Judging and actualizing intrapersonal and interpersonal affordances.

Judging and actualizing intrapersonal and interpersonal affordances.

The Role of Affordances in the Evolutionary Process Reconsidered

Gait transition dynamics are modulated by concurrent cognitive activity

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