Body Mass Index Trajectories among Middle-Aged and Elderly Canadians and Associated Health Outcomes

Wang, Meng; Yi, Yanqing; Roebothan, Barbara; Colbourne, J. S.; Maddalena, Victor; Sun, Guang

doi:10.1155/2016/7014857

Cited by 51 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Combination of height and weight results in increasing BMI values up to about 60 years and virtually invariant BMI values for older people. Such a levelling off behavior of BMI at about 60 years followed by a slight decay was found also in other studies and seems to reflect rather agingrelated physiological changes than changes of lifestyle (e.g., due to retirement) [21][22][23] .…”

Section: Aging As Seen By Body Indicessupporting

confidence: 82%

The aging human body shape

et al. 2020

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Body shape and composition are heterogeneous among humans with possible impact for health. Anthropometric methods and data are needed to better describe the diversity of the human body in human populations, its age dependence, and associations with health risk. We applied whole-body laser scanning to a cohort of 8499 women and men of age 40-80 years within the frame of the LIFE (Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases) study aimed at discovering health risk in a middle European urban population. Body scanning delivers multidimensional anthropometric data, which were further processed by machine learning to stratify the participants into body types. We here applied this body typing concept to describe the diversity of body shapes in an aging population and its association with physical activity and selected health and lifestyle factors. We find that aging results in similar reshaping of female and male bodies despite the large diversity of body types observed in the study. Slim body shapes remain slim and partly tend to become even more lean and fragile, while obese body shapes remain obese. Female body shapes change more strongly than male ones. The incidence of the different body types changes with characteristic Life Course trajectories. Physical activity is inversely related to the body mass index and decreases with age, while self-reported incidence for myocardial infarction shows overall the inverse trend. We discuss health risks factors in the context of body shape and its relation to obesity. Body typing opens options for personalized anthropometry to better estimate health risk in epidemiological research and future clinical applications.

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Section: Aging As Seen By Body Indicessupporting

confidence: 82%

The aging human body shape

et al. 2020

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“…In relation solely to obesity, our ndings in a large general adult population expand on those of a smaller study of 3,070 Canadian adults which similarly found no signi cant change in individuals' BMI over time [26]. Similarly, a retrospective cohort study of 11,735 adults with severe obesity (BMI 35 kg/m 2 or greater)…”

Section: Comparison With Existing Literaturesupporting

confidence: 65%

Long-term Body Mass Index Changes in obese Adults and the Risk of Heart Failure, Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: A Longitudinal Study of 260,000 Adults

Iyen

Weng

Vinogradova

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Although obesity is a well-recognised risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the impact of long-term body mass index (BMI) changes in overweight or obese adults, on the risk of heart failure, CVD and mortality has not been quantified.Methods: This population-based cohort study used routine UK primary care electronic health data linked to secondary care and death-registry records. We identified adults who were overweight or obese, free from CVD and who had repeated BMI measures. Using group-based trajectory modelling, we examined the BMI trajectories of these individuals and then determined incidence rates of CVD, heart failure and mortality associated with the different trajectories. Cox-proportional hazards regression determined hazards ratios for incident outcomes. Results: 264,230 individuals (mean age 49.5 years (SD 12.7) and mean BMI 33.8kg/m2 (SD 6.1)) were followed-up for a median duration of 10.9 years. Four BMI trajectories were identified, corresponding at baseline, with World Health Organisation BMI classifications for overweight, class-1, class-2 and class-3 obesity respectively. In all four groups, there was a small, stable upwards trajectory in BMI (mean BMI increase of 1.06kg/m2 (± 3.8)). Compared with overweight individuals, class-3 obese individuals had a 3.3-fold increased risk of heart failure (HR 3.26 (95% CI 2.98-3.57)), 2.7-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 2.72 (2.58-2.87)) and 3.3-fold increased risk of CVD-related mortality (HR 3.31 (2.84-3.86)) after adjusting for baseline demographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion: The majority of adults who are overweight or obese retain their degree of overweight or obesity over the long term. Individuals with stable severe obesity experience the worst heart failure, CVD and mortality outcomes. These findings highlight the high cardiovascular toll exacted by continuing failure to tackle obesity.

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“…1 19-21 The prevalence of e-cigarette use may differ between smokers and non-smokers and between younger and older adults. A meta-analysis study has demonstrated that smoking status is a determinant of e-cigarette use, 22 and the behaviour of e-cigarette use is also greatly influenced by age. 10 22 It is essential for public health professionals and policymakers to understand the epidemiology of e-cigarette use and relevant correlates within each subgroup of age and smoking status.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating challenges that electronic cigarettes pose to tobacco control in Asia: a population-based national survey in Taiwan

Chang¹,

Tsai²,

Shiu

et al. 2017

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesThis study investigated the prevalence and correlates of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) use in Taiwan.Design and settingWe studied a nationally representative random sample in the 2015 Taiwan Adult Smoking Behavior Survey.ParticipantsThis study included 26 021 participants aged 15 years or older (51% women, 79% non-smokers, 16% aged 15–24 years), after excluding 31 persons (0.1%) who had missing information on e-cigarette use.Primary outcome measuresThe prevalence of ever having used e-cigarettes was calculated in the overall sample and by smoking status (current, former and never) or age (15–24, 25–44 and ≥45 years). We performed multivariable log-binomial regression to assess correlates of ever having used e-cigarettes among all participants and separately for subgroups by smoking status and age.ResultsApproximately 3% of all participants had ever used e-cigarettes. The prevalence of ever having used e-cigarettes was high in current smokers (14%) and people aged 18–24 years (7%). E-cigarette use was particularly common in people aged 15–24 years who were current (49–52%) or former (22–39%) smokers. Ever having used e-cigarettes was positively associated with tobacco smoking (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 21.5, 95% CI 15.4 to 29.8, current smokers; aPR: 8.3, 95% CI 15.2 to 13.1, former smokers), younger age and high socioeconomic status. Age remained a significant factor of ever having used e-cigarettes across smoking status groups. Among non-smokers, men had a 2.4-fold (95% CI 1.5 to 3.8) greater prevalence of e-cigarette use than women.ConclusionsE-cigarette use was uncommon in the general population in Taiwan, but prevalence was high among smokers and young people. This study highlights challenges that e-cigarettes pose to tobacco control, which warrant high priority action by policymakers and public health professionals. E-cigarette regulations should focus on young people.

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Body Mass Index Trajectories among Middle-Aged and Elderly Canadians and Associated Health Outcomes

Cited by 51 publications

References 38 publications

The aging human body shape

The aging human body shape

Long-term Body Mass Index Changes in obese Adults and the Risk of Heart Failure, Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: A Longitudinal Study of 260,000 Adults

Elucidating challenges that electronic cigarettes pose to tobacco control in Asia: a population-based national survey in Taiwan

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