Body mass index, physical activity and dietary behaviours among adolescents in the Kingdom of Tonga

Smith, Benjamin John; Phongsavan, Philayrath; Havea, Drew; Halavatau, V; Chey, Tien

doi:10.1017/s1368980007226060

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Many of the observational studies presented their results in a manner that permitted the dose-response relations with obesity to be examined [57,59,61,62,64,65,69,71,73,74,79,80,82,84]. From these studies it is apparent that a dose-response relation between physical activity and obesity exists.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth

Janssen

LeBlanc

2010

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

3,348

1,999

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BackgroundThe purpose was to: 1) perform a systematic review of studies examining the relation between physical activity, fitness, and health in school-aged children and youth, and 2) make recommendations based on the findings.MethodsThe systematic review was limited to 7 health indicators: high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, the metabolic syndrome, obesity, low bone density, depression, and injuries. Literature searches were conducted using predefined keywords in 6 key databases. A total of 11,088 potential papers were identified. The abstracts and full-text articles of potentially relevant papers were screened to determine eligibility. Data was abstracted for 113 outcomes from the 86 eligible papers. The evidence was graded for each health outcome using established criteria based on the quantity and quality of studies and strength of effect. The volume, intensity, and type of physical activity were considered.ResultsPhysical activity was associated with numerous health benefits. The dose-response relations observed in observational studies indicate that the more physical activity, the greater the health benefit. Results from experimental studies indicate that even modest amounts of physical activity can have health benefits in high-risk youngsters (e.g., obese). To achieve substantive health benefits, the physical activity should be of at least a moderate intensity. Vigorous intensity activities may provide even greater benefit. Aerobic-based activities had the greatest health benefit, other than for bone health, in which case high-impact weight bearing activities were required.ConclusionThe following recommendations were made: 1) Children and youth 5-17 years of age should accumulate an average of at least 60 minutes per day and up to several hours of at least moderate intensity physical activity. Some of the health benefits can be achieved through an average of 30 minutes per day. [Level 2, Grade A]. 2) More vigorous intensity activities should be incorporated or added when possible, including activities that strengthen muscle and bone [Level 3, Grade B]. 3) Aerobic activities should make up the majority of the physical activity. Muscle and bone strengthening activities should be incorporated on at least 3 days of the week [Level 2, Grade A].

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth

Janssen

LeBlanc

2010

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

3,348

1,999

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“…It has been suggested that muscularity and height may be reflected in BMI and obesity prevalence of Pacific Islander adults [47-49] and children [46,50,51]. However, a more recent study reports that a higher rate of obesity and its sequelae seen in Pacific Islanders in Hawaii may be more as a result of socioeconomic status and lifestyle than of genetic propensity [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic patterns of overweight, obesity but not thinness persist from childhood to adolescence in a 6 -year longitudinal cohort of Australian schoolchildren from 2007 to 2012

2014

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BackgroundThe prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity increased during the 1980s to the late 1990s. The prevalence of obesity is higher in socially and economically disadvantaged communities in most Westernised countries. The purpose of this study was to examine how the socioeconomic gradient in weight status, namely thinness, overweight and obesity, changes over time in a longitudinal cohort of Australian schoolchildren, from 2007–2012.Methods939 Australian children in school grades 2–6 from 10 primary schools initially participated in the study in 2007. Height and weight were directly measured by research assistants each year. Obesity/overweight and thinness were defined by using the International Obesity Task Force BMI cut-offs. Chi-square analyses were used to test associations between categorical variables and linear mixed models were used to estimate whether the differences in SES groups were statistically significant over time.ResultsResults found both males and females in the low SES group were more likely to be obese (6-7%) than middle (4-5%) and high (2-3%) SES groups and this pattern tended to be similar over the 6 year study period. There appeared to be no particular SES pattern for thinness with all SES groups having 4-5% of participants who were thin. The gender and SES patterns were also similar over 6 years for BMI with low and middle SES participants having significantly greater BMI than their high SES peers.ConclusionsPatterns of obesity and overweight in children from socially and economically disadvantaged communities in regional NSW are identifiable from a young age and the socioeconomic pattern persists into adolescence. Obesity prevention and intervention programs should be designed, implemented and evaluated with the social determinants of health in mind and in collaboration with community members. Community programs should continue to be based on positive rather than negative messages in order to avoid unintended stigma and other potentially harmful outcomes.

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“…Our findings are consistent with the trend of higher prevalence of overweight and obesity among females seen in other developing countries (1,43,44) , but contrast with an opposite trend in developed nations (4,23,45) . The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents is increasing globally in both developed and developing countries (1,4,(44)(45)(46) . The central tenet surrounding overweight and obesity is an imbalance where energy intake exceeds expenditure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast-food and sweetened beverage consumption: association with overweight and high waist circumference in adolescents

Francis

Broeck

Younger

et al. 2009

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Overweight and obesity have increased to epidemic proportions among adolescents and are associated with chronic non-communicable diseases and excess mortality in adulthood. The association of overweight/obesity with poor dietary habits has not been studied in adolescents in middle-income developing countries. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight, obesity and high waist circumference (WC) in 15-19-year-old Jamaican adolescents and to investigate the association with fast-food and sweetened beverage consumption. Design: The study enrolled 1317 (598 male, 719 female) adolescents aged 15-19 years using multistage, nationally representative sampling. Age-specific prevalence calculation used internal Z-score lines connecting with the WHO adult cut-off points. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of overweight or high WC with fast-food and sweetened beverage consumption, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: The overall prevalence of overweight, obesity and high WC was approximately 15 %, 6 % and 10 %, respectively. Prevalence estimated using internal Z-scores was similar to that using the International Obesity Taskforce cut-off points. Obesity (8?0 % in females, 3?3 % in males) and high WC (16?2 % in females, 1?7 % in males) were significantly more prevalent in females when using internal Z-score cut-offs. High WC was associated with the absence of fruit consumption (P 5 0?043) and overweight with high sweetened beverage consumption (P 5 0?018). Conclusion: Overweight occurs frequently among Jamaican 15-19-year-olds and is associated with increased consumption of sweetened beverages. High WC is more prevalent among females and is related to low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Measures to reduce the consumption of sweetened beverages and increase fruit intake may reduce the prevalence of excess body fat among adolescents.

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Body mass index, physical activity and dietary behaviours among adolescents in the Kingdom of Tonga

Cited by 26 publications

References 38 publications

Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth

Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth

Socioeconomic patterns of overweight, obesity but not thinness persist from childhood to adolescence in a 6 -year longitudinal cohort of Australian schoolchildren from 2007 to 2012

Fast-food and sweetened beverage consumption: association with overweight and high waist circumference in adolescents

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