Body Mass Index Is Associated with Hypertension in Japanese Young Elderly Individuals: Findings of the New Integrated Suburban Seniority Investigation

Abstract

Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between BMI at 65 years of age and the development of hypertension during the subsequent five years. Methods A total of 1,003 participants (65 years of age) who had no history of myocardial infarction and/or hypertension at baseline health check-ups (1996-2005) and participated in a secondary health check-up when the subjects reached 70 years of age were analyzed. Results Using fully adjusted models, men with a BMI of <18.5 [odds ratio (OR), 4.08; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.32-1.83], BMI of 23.0-24.9 (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.18-3.40) and BMI of ! 25.0 (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.10-3.56) were found to be at higher risk of developing hypertension than did those with a BMI of 18.5-22.9. Conclusion Leanness or being overweight/obese at age 65 increases the risk of subsequent hypertension.

Body mass index, abdominal adiposity, weight gain and risk of developing hypertension: a systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of more than 2.3 million participants

“…S1. We identified 56 prospective cohort studies , whose characteristics are presented in Table S2. One study reported results for two separate cohort studies and was regarded as two different studies .…”

“…Finally, 57 prospective cohort studies with 2,343,466 participants and 216,182 incident cases of HTN were included in meta‐analysis. Twenty studies were from the USA , 13 studies were from Europe , 20 studies were from Asia , 2 studies were from Africa , 1 study was from Mexico and 1 was from Brazil . Baseline characteristics of included studies are presented in Table S2, and reported risk estimates in relation to different categories of anthropometric measures in each study are presented in Table S3.…”

“…Fifty prospective cohort studies with 2,255,067 participants and 190,320 incident cases of HTN reported results on BMI and risk of developing HTN (13,(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)70,71,(73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81)(82)(83)(84)86,87,89,90). The summary RR for a five-unit increment in BMI was 1.49 (95%CI: 1.41, 1.58), with extreme heterogeneity, I 2 = 97.4%, P heterogeneity-0.0001 (…”

“…S2). Systematic search identified 24 prospective cohort studies with sufficient information for inclusion in non-linear doseresponse meta-analysis (36,40,41,46,47,50,56,57,59,62,(66)(67)(68)75,76,(78)(79)(80)82,83,86,87,89,90), and the result suggested a significant dose-dependent association between BMI and risk of HTN (P non-linearity = 0.04), in which the risk increased continuously with increasing BMI from a baseline of 15 kg m À2 up to more than 40 kg m À2 , even within the normal BMI range (Fig. 2).…”

“…1d), and also in different geographic regions (Figs S3-S5). Thirteen studies used systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg as HTN diagnosis criteria (50,59,62,(66)(67)(68)75,76,78,86,87,89,90), and meta-analysis showed a steeper increase in the risk in comparison with the main analysis (P non-linearity = 0.68, Fig. 1e).…”