Body mass index in Saudi Arabian children and adolescents: a national reference and comparison with international standards

Herbish, Abdullah S. Al; Mouzan, Mohammed I. El; Salloum, Abdullah A. Al; Qureshi, M M Al; Omar, A; Foster, Peter; Kecojevic, Tatjana

doi:10.4103/0256-4947.55162

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…suggesting the existence of double burden of both under- and overnutrition. Previous studies from KSA also confirmed the presence of double burden of malnutrition, that is, presence of both under- and overnutrition among children and adolescents [10–12, 21]. Limited studies available on prevalence of child malnutrition from KSA suggest national data may alone be misleading in understanding the determinants and consequences and stoutly emphasize that it is crucial to focus on regional inequality which can be a result of ethnic as well as environmental conditions [10, 12, 19].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Growth Profile and Its Association with Nutrient Intake and Dietary Patterns among Children and Adolescents in Hail Region of Saudi Arabia

Al-Shammari

Epuru

Adnan

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

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Hail region of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has the highest adult obesity rates in the entire kingdom and limited information is available about the prevalence and patterns of growth markers. Therefore, it is important to monitor the growth trends to implement effective public health preventive strategies for the region. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of growth profile patterns (stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight) and its associations with nutrient intake and dietary patterns among children and adolescents. A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 1420 children and adolescents (2–18 years), selected using a multistage stratified random-sampling technique representing both female and male schools from Hail region, KSA. Growth profile z-scores were generated using 2006 and 2007 WHO growth standards. The overall prevalence of 4.73% moderate and 1.54% severe underweight; 6.65% moderate and 2.59% severe stunting; 6.34% moderate and 2.55% severe wasting was present in the study population. Stunting decreased as age progressed with concurrent increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. There was a significantly higher prevalence of overweight (18.55% versus 23.05%; P < 0.001) and obesity (8.7% versus 13.85%; P < 0.001) in adolescents than in school-age children with higher prevalence in females as compared to males. Both stunted and overweight/obesity groups had significantly lower mean intakes for critical micronutrients necessary for growth as compared to normal children.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Growth Profile and Its Association with Nutrient Intake and Dietary Patterns among Children and Adolescents in Hail Region of Saudi Arabia

Al-Shammari

Epuru

Adnan

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

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“…Percentiles and z scores for age were constructed and smoothed out using the LMS methodology 26–28. The BMI distribution for Saudi children and adolescents allowed for the calculation of the proportion of children and adolescents whose BMI was above the upper cut-off values 29. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were defined using the World Health Organization (WHO) cut-off values as the proportion of children whose BMI for age was above +1 and +2 standard deviation scores (SDS, z scores) respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Saudi children and adolescents

Mouzan

Foster

Herbish

et al. 2010

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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177

157

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:There is limited information on overweight and obesity in Saudi children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to establish the national prevalence of overweight and obesity in Saudi children and adolescents.METHODS:The 2005 Saudi reference data set was used to calculate the body mass index (BMI) for children aged 5 to 18 years. Using the 2007 WHO reference, the prevalence of overweight, obesity and severe obesity were defined as the proportion of children with a BMI standard deviation score more than +1, +2 and +3, respectively. The 2000 CDC reference was also used for comparison.RESULTS:There were 19 317 healthy children and adolescents from 5 to 18 years of age, 50.8% of whom were boys. The overall prevalence of overweight, obesity and severe obesity in all age groups was 23.1%, 9.3% and 2%, respectively. A significantly lower prevalence of overweight (23.8 vs 20.4; P<.001) and obesity (9.5 vs 5.7; P<.001) was found when the CDC reference was used.CONCLUSIONS:This report establishes baseline national prevalence rates for overweight, obesity and severe obesity in Saudi children and adolescents, indicating intermediate levels between developing and industrialized countries. Measures should be implemented to prevent further increases in the numbers of overweight school-age children and adolescents and the associated health hazards.

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“…In contrast, national growth curves for Pakistani children were significantly lower than the WHO and CDC references in the upper centiles (24). Other studies in different regions and countries have reported significant differences between their national growth curves for children and the WHO and CDC reference curves (25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Northern Iranian growth charts for children aged 7–11 years: comparison with international reference curves

Esmaili¹,

Hajiahmadi²,

Fathi³

et al. 2018

East Mediterr Health J

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Two BMI reference curves-the World Health Organization (WHO 2006) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC 2000)-have been widely applied to calculate the anthropometric indicators of growth (6,7). WHO (2006) was developed using children's data from 6 countries [Brazil, Ghana, India, Norway, Oman and United States of America (USA)], while CDC (2000) criteria are based on US children and adolescents aged 0-20 years. Some studies in different countries have found differences between their own child growth charts and these 2 international reference curves (8-10). Therefore, for BMI to be applicable in practice in the paediatric age group, standards should better be defined by age and gender based on local data (11,12). Now, many countries have their own BMI curves according to their child population; however, limited national data exist for Asian children, notably from children in Middle Eastern countries (12-16). This study aimed to produce BMI-forage curves for northern Iranian children aged 7-11 years and compare them with the WHO and CDC reference curves. Methods Study setting Mazandaran province is located in the north of the Islamic Republic of Iran between the Caspian Sea and Alborz mountains. It consists of 15 counties. The total population of the province in 2011 was estimated to be 3.074 million. Babol county is the biggest county of Mazandaran and is located in the middle of the province. Babol city is the third largest city in the north of the Islamic Republic of Iran. At the 2012 census, the population of Babol county was 495 472, in 149 363 families. Study design and population This was a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2012. A

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Body mass index in Saudi Arabian children and adolescents: a national reference and comparison with international standards

Cited by 42 publications

References 12 publications

Growth Profile and Its Association with Nutrient Intake and Dietary Patterns among Children and Adolescents in Hail Region of Saudi Arabia

Growth Profile and Its Association with Nutrient Intake and Dietary Patterns among Children and Adolescents in Hail Region of Saudi Arabia

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Saudi children and adolescents

Northern Iranian growth charts for children aged 7–11 years: comparison with international reference curves

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