Body Mass Index in Master Athletes: Review of the Literature

Walsh, Joe; Heazlewood, Ian; Climstein, Mike

doi:10.15280/jlm.2018.8.2.79

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Huebner and Perperoglou (2020) found that the mean body mass index in male adult athletes was also higher than that of women. This is also supported by a literature review study by Walsh et al (2018) that the average body mass index of male adult athletes is higher in men than women. Males basically have a higher composition of muscle mass so this affects a higher average body mass index in both the general population and adult athletes (Zhu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Relationship between Body Mass Index, Type of Weight Bearing Activity and Beighton and Horan Joint Mobility Index with Pes Planus in Adult Athletes

Resubun¹,

Melaniani²,

Nugraheni³

et al. 2022

IJRP

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High body mass index, increased weight-bearing activity, ligament laxity are risk factors for pes planus, however, there is no research that looks for the relationship between these three risk factors in athletes. Adult athletes have a higher prevalence of pes planus than young athletes. In a conceptual framework regarding the etiology of injury in athletes, the interaction of multiple injury risk factors will further increase the risk of injury to athletes. This study aims to determine the relationship between body mass index, type of weight bearing activity and the Beighton and Horan Joint Mobility Index with pes planus in adult athletes. Secondary data from athletes screening of Regional Exercise Center (PUSLATDA) East Java was used in this study. Randomization technique was applied to recruit 96 proper respondents. Binary Logistics Regression test for calculating the relationship between BMI, type of weight bearing activity (high/low impact sport), BHJMI score and Chippaux-Smirax Index (CSI) with the statistical significance of p < 0.05. There was a significant relationship between body mass index and pes planus on the right foot (p = 0.042) and left foot (p = 0.000), as well as BHJMI and pes planus on the left foot only (p 0.032), but there was an increased risk of pes planus in adult athletes as their BMI, type of weight bearing activity, and BHJMI increased. In adult athletes, there is a strong link between body mass index and pes planus in both feet, as well as BHJMI and pes planus on the left foot only; nevertheless, the risk of pes planus increases as body mass index, type of weight bearing activity, and BHJMI rise.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Relationship between Body Mass Index, Type of Weight Bearing Activity and Beighton and Horan Joint Mobility Index with Pes Planus in Adult Athletes

Resubun¹,

Melaniani²,

Nugraheni³

et al. 2022

IJRP

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“…Although MAs are not well investigated, there are a number of studies on MAs which have identified the health benefits on a number of biomedical health determinants and risk factors ( Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2012 ). For example, MAs have been reported to have significantly lower risk for obesity as assessed by BMI ( Climstein et al, 2019 ; Walsh et al, 2013a ; Walsh et al, 2011b ; Walsh et al, 2011d ; Walsh et al, 2013b ; Walsh et al, 2018 ; Walsh, Heazlewood & Climstein, 2018 ; Debeliso et al, 2014 ) and lipids ( Climstein et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of hyperglycemia in masters athletes

Climstein

Walsh

Adams

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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Background Ageing is associated with decreased physical activity, obesity and subsequently an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2dm). Master athletes (MA) have initiated exercise or sport later in life or pursued a physically active lifestyle for an extended period. Subsequently, MAs have been proposed as a model of successful ageing as this active lifestyle is associated with health benefits including decreased health risk of chronic diseases and a reduction in premature mortality. Given long-term physical activity/exercise has previously been shown to be protective against hyperglycemia, a risk factor for T2dm, it is plausible that MA may have protective benefit against developing hyperglycemia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hyperglycemia via fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in MAs competing at the World Masters Games (WMG). Methods This cross-sectional, observational survey utilized an online survey using open-source web-based software was used to investigate MAs physiological and medical-related parameters. Over 28,000 MAs competed in the WMG, of which 8,072 MAs completed the survey. Of these MAs, a total of 486 (males 277, females 209; range 27 to 91 years, mean age 55.1 ± 10.2 years) attained recent pathology results which included FPG which was subsequently analyzed for this study. FPG and other outcome variables were compared between genders and to the Australian and United States general population. Results Mean FPG for MAs was 5.03 mmol (±1.2, 95% CI [4.9–5.1] mmol) with majority (75.5%) of MAs reporting a normal (<5.5 mmol) FPG, followed by pre-diabetes (20.2%, >5.51 to <5.99 mmol) and abnormal (4.3%, >7.0 mmol). There was no significant difference (P = 0.333) in FPG between genders however, males had a slightly higher (+2.1%) FPG as compared to females (5.08 ± 1.2 mmol (95% CI [4.9–5.22] mmol) versus 4.98 ± 1.1 mmol (95% CI 4.8-5.1 mmol)). The majority of males (71.8%) and females (80.3%) were classified with a normal FPG. With regard to an abnormal FPG level, only 4.0% of males and 4.9% of females were classified abnormal which was suggestive of undiagnosed T2dm. With regard to age by decade, there was no significant difference (P = 0.06–1.00) between age groups and no relationship between the MAs’ age and FPG (r = .054, P = 0.24). As a group, MAs had a significantly lower FPG as compared to the Australian (−3.2%, P = 0.005) and United States general populations (−13.9%, P < 0.001). Conclusions Most, however not all, MAs were found to have normal glycaemia, with only a small percentage indicating a risk of developing T2dm (i.e., impaired fasting glucose) and a smaller percentage identified with an abnormal FPG, suggestive of T2dm. These findings suggest MAs appear to be at low metabolic risk for developing T2dm based upon FPG and the physical activity/exercise they complete as MAs may indeed be protective against hyperglycemia whilst maintaining an active lifestyle.

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“…Generally, endurance runners had a lower BMI than normal populations [ 42 ]. It has been shown that running performance is significantly associated with BMI [ 43 , 44 ] with a parabolic function between running speed and BMI [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplement intake in half-marathon, (ultra-)marathon and 10-km runners – results from the NURMI study (Step 2)

Wirnitzer

Motevalli

Derrick

et al. 2021

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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The primary nutritional challenge facing endurance runners is meeting the nutrient requirements necessary to optimize the performance and recovery of prolonged training sessions. Supplement intake is a commonly used strategy by elite and recreational distance runners to meet nutritional recommendations. This study was conducted to investigate the patterns of supplement intake among different groups of distance runners and the potential association between supplement intake and sex, age, running and racing experiences.In a cross-sectional design, from a total of 317 runners participating in this survey, 119 distance runners were involved in the final sample after data clearance, assigned into three groups of 10-km runners (n = 24), half-marathoners (n = 44), and (ultra-)marathoners (n = 51). Personal characteristics, training and racing experiences, as well as patterns of supplement intake, including type, frequency, and dosage, were evaluated by questionnaire. Food Frequency Questionnaire was implemented to assess macronutrient intake. ANOVA and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.While 50 % of total distance runners reported consuming supplements regularly, no differences between distance groups in consumption of carbohydrate/protein, mineral, or vitamin supplements were observed (p > 0.05). In addition, age, sex, running and racing experience showed no significant association with supplement intake (p > 0.05). Vitamin supplements had the highest intake rate in runners by 43 % compared to minerals (34 %) and carbohydrate/protein supplements (19 %).The present findings provide a window into the targeted approaches of long-distance runners as well as their coaches and sport nutrition specialists when applying and suggesting sustainable nutritional strategies for training and competition.Trial registration: ISRCTN73074080. Retrospectively registered 12th June 2015.

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Body Mass Index in Master Athletes: Review of the Literature

Cited by 13 publications

References 59 publications

Relationship between Body Mass Index, Type of Weight Bearing Activity and Beighton and Horan Joint Mobility Index with Pes Planus in Adult Athletes

Relationship between Body Mass Index, Type of Weight Bearing Activity and Beighton and Horan Joint Mobility Index with Pes Planus in Adult Athletes

Prevalence of hyperglycemia in masters athletes

Supplement intake in half-marathon, (ultra-)marathon and 10-km runners – results from the NURMI study (Step 2)

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