Body Mass Index below Obesity Threshold Implies Similar Cardiovascular Risk among Various Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotypes

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the cardiometabolic risk factors in different polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed between 2010 and 2011. Eighty-nine patients with PCOS and 25 age- and weight-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Patients were grouped using the Rotterdam 2003 criteria as: group 1, oligomenorrhea and/or anovulation (ANOV) and hyperandrogenemia (HA) and/or hyperandrogenism (n = 23); group 2, ANOV and polycystic ovaries (PCO; n = 22); group 3, HA and PCO (n = 22); group 4, ANOV, HA and PCO (n = 22); group 5, controls (n = 25). Laboratory blood tests for diagnosis and cardiometabolic risk assessments were performed. Insulin resistance (IR) was calculated in all patients with the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) formula. An euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test was performed on 5 randomly selected cases in each subgroup, making 25 cases in total, and indicated as the ‘M' value (mg/kg/min), which is the total body glucose disposal rate. Results: The mean BMl values of the groups were: group 1, 26.1 ± 5.3; group 2, 27.9 ± 5.2; group 3, 24.3 ± 4.2; group 4, 27.9 ± 7.5; group 5, 24.7 ± 5.2 (p > 0.05). There were no differences in the lipid profile, plasma glucose, HOMA-IR, insulin and M values between the groups (p > 0.05). Phenotypes with oligomenorrhea/anovulation (groups 1, 2 and 4) were more obese than group 3 (p = 0.039). Conclusions: The cardiometabolic risk profile was similar among the PCOS subgroups. This finding could be attributed to the mean BMl values, which, being below 30, were not within the obesity range. Obesity appeared to be an important determinant of high cardiovascular risk in PCOS.

The Associations between Sex Hormones and Lipid Profiles in Serum of Women with Different Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

“…The median value of BMI in four phenotypes was rather low, which could be associated with young age of patients. The study conducted by Bagir et al [49] showed higher mean values of BMI (for phenotype 1-27.9 ± 7.5, for phenotype 2-26.1 ± 5.3, for phenotype 3-24.3 ± 4.2, and for phenotype 4-27.9 ± 5.2), even if the mean age was similar to that in our study. Our results also suggest that the relationship between high BMI and individual phenotypic features of the Rotterdam criteria that characterize PCOS remains unclear, as was claimed by Neubronner et al [50].…”

Metabolic syndrome and its components in different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome

“…Several studies, mostly regarding East Asian and South Asian populations, reported highest prevalence of phenotype IV. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Three Turkish studies [20][21][22] reported similar prevalence of all four phenotypes. The average overall prevalence of the four PCOS phenotypes in different ethnic groups is shown in Figure 2.…”

Pharmacologic therapy to induce weight loss in women who have obesity/overweight with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis

“…Insulin also augments the thecal androgen production responsible for acne and hirsutism . In the longer term, hyperinsulinaemia increases the risks of diabetes (type II and gestational), coronary heart disease and endometrial cancer .…”