Body Mass Index and Sex Affect Diverse Microbial Niches within the Gut

Borgo, Francesca; Garbossa, Stefania; Riva, Alessandra; Severgnini, Marco; Luigiano, Carmelo; Benetti, Albero; Pontiroli, Antonio E.; Morace, Giulia; Borghi, Elisa

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00213

Cited by 95 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In human studies, higher abundances of Ruminococcus species (such as Ruminococcus bromii and Ruminococcus obeum ) were also observed in obese subjects (Kasai et al 2015), however, some Ruminococcaceae bacteria such as Dialister, Methanobrevibacter , and Oscillospira have also been associated with lower BMI (Jumpertz et al 2011; Goodrich et al 2014). From our data, we identified 17 OTUs assigned to Ruminococcaceae were significantly correlated with BMI, and many of which were inversely correlated with BMI including the well-studied butyrate producer Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , which is consistent with several studies (Borgo et al 2018; Tilg and Moschen. 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Gut Microbiome Biomarkers in Adolescent Obesity: a Regional Study

Gao

Pan

et al. 2019

Preprint

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21Purpose: This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota in obese Shenzhen 22 adolescents, and evaluate the influence of gender on BMI-related differences in the gut 23 microbiome. 24Methods: Physical examinations, blood pressure measurement, serological assay, and 25 body composition evaluation were conducted on two-hundred and five adolescents 26 from Shenzhen. Fecal microbiome composition was profiled via 16S rRNA gene 27 sequencing. A Random Forest (RF) classifier model was built to distinguish the BMI 28 categories based on the gut bacterial composition. 29Results: Fifty-six taxa consisting mainly of Firmicutes were identified that having 30 significant associations with BMI; two OTUs belonging to Ruminococcaceae and one 31 belonging to Lachnospiraceae had relatively strong positive correlations with body fate 32 rate, waistline, and most of serum biochemical parameters. Based on the 56 BMI-33 associated OTUs, the RF model showed a robust classification accuracy (AUC 0.96) 34 for predicting the obese phenotype. Gender-specific differences in the gut microbiome 35 composition was obtained, and a lower relative abundance of Odoribacter was 36 particularly found in obese boys. Functional analysis revealed a deficiency in bacterial 37 gene contents related to PPAR signaling pathway in obese subjects for both genders; 38 significantly lower levels of adipocytokine signaling pathway and ethylbenzene 39 degradation were particularly detected in obese girls. 40 Conclusions: This study revealed unique features of gut microbiome in terms of 41 microbial composition and metabolic functions in obese Shenzhen adolescents. The 42 3 effect of geographical location, age and gender on the gut microbiome should be 43 carefully considered in case-control studies. 44 Key Words: adolescent obesity; feces; gut microbiota; 16S rRNA; signaling pathway 45 46 4 2017). The relative abundances were log2 transformed to account for the non-normality 131 of taxonomic counts data. 132

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Gut Microbiome Biomarkers in Adolescent Obesity: a Regional Study

Gao

Pan

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…For example, when the sheep were subjected to cold treatment, the abundance ofLachnospiraceae_XPB1014, which is highly enriched in the gut of nonalcoholic fatty liver patients [24], increased, and the abundance of Prevotellaceae_UCG003 decreased. These two bacterial taxa represent more than 1% of the bacterial community in the rumen anduse dietarysoluble ber as substrate to produce short chain fatty acids [25].Furthermore, several nitrogen-xing microbial groups, such asDevosia and Rhizobium [26], were enriched in the wind-exposed sheep, which might increase the amount of ammonia and urea produced via the rumen nitrogen cycle. As a result, the abundance of Brachybacterium increased, which uses urea to breed and degrade harmful substancessuch asphenol [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Low Temperature and Wind Treatment on Physiological Indexes, Rumen Microbiota, Immune Responses and Hormones in Sheep

Guo¹,

Zhou²,

Tian³

et al. 2020

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Background: Low-temperature environments can strongly affect the normal growth and health of livestock. Previous studies have shown that cold exposure can alter the intestinal microbiota and thereby affect other traits. In winter, cold weather can be accompanied by strong winds that aggravate the effects of cold on livestock. In this study, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of low temperature and wind speed on physiological indexes, rumen microbiota, and immune responses in sheep.Methods: The sheep were divided into control group and test group according to their ambient temperature.Sheep in the test group were divided into four groups according to wind-speed treatment: no wind (average wind velocity less than 0.5 m/s), low wind velocity (average wind velocity of 3 m/s), medium wind velocity (average wind velocity of 4 m/s) and high wind velocity (average wind velocity of 5 m/s).Results: Average daily gain and the utilization of forage, especially soluble fiber, decreased with increasing wind velocity in cold temperature (P<0.05). In rumen, the enzyme activity of cellulose degradation was also lowerwith increasing wind velocity (P<0.05). The abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria showed differedamong the wind treatments (P<0.05).The large fluctuations in the amount of bacteria provided a breeding opportunity forpotentially harmful bacteria (P<0.05). In addition, there were significant decreases in the serum levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ (P<0.05) and a large increase in IL-4 level (P<0.05), which indicated that the sheep underwent immune suppressionduring the trial. The significant increase in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH-PX, and CAT (P<0.05) indicated that the production of oxygen free radicals was increased.Conclusions: The cold environment significantly reduced the growth of sheep and altered the composition of rumen microbiota, reducing the utilization of soluble fiber by the rumen flora. Furthermore, the sheep produced large amounts of enzymes to resist tissue damage and experienced immune suppression in the cold environment.

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“…Another reason is our adjustment for age, sex, and BMI. Several studies have suggested that the composition of the human gut microbiota changes with age and is associated with obesity and gender [26][27][28][29][30][31]. We excluded the influence of these factors by using the propensity score matching, which might have caused the differences compared to the results of previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Atrophic Gastritis on the Gut Microbiota in a Japanese Population

et al. 2019

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Background: Although infection with Helicobacter pylori and subsequent atrophic gastritis modulate the gastric conditions, their relationship with the gut microbiota in Japanese population has not been clearly characterized. Methods: A cohort of 1,123 subjects who participated in a health survey was studied. Infection of H. pylori was defined by both serum antibody and stool antigen test. The presence and severity of atrophic gastritis were defined by serum levels of pepsinogens. The relative abundance of each bacterial species in fecal samples was calculated by using 16S ribosomal RNA amplification, and the composition ratios of bacterial taxa were evaluated using propensity score matching. Results: The abundance of 3 orders, 4 families, and 4 genera was significantly higher in H. pylori-infected subjects than in noninfected subjects (false discovery rate [FDR] <0.05). In H. pylori-infected subjects with severe atrophic gastritis, the abundance of the class Bacilli, order Lactobacillales, family Streptococcaceae, and genus Streptococcus was significantly higher than that in H. pylori-infected subjects without atrophic gastritis (FDR < 0.05). Conclusions: A significant increase in the relative abundance of several taxa was observed in gut microbiota of Japanese subjects with H. pylori infection. Among the subjects with severe atrophic gastritis, the increase in the genus Streptococcus is a remarkable characteristic.

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Body Mass Index and Sex Affect Diverse Microbial Niches within the Gut

Cited by 95 publications

References 63 publications

Gut Microbiome Biomarkers in Adolescent Obesity: a Regional Study

Gut Microbiome Biomarkers in Adolescent Obesity: a Regional Study

Effects of Low Temperature and Wind Treatment on Physiological Indexes, Rumen Microbiota, Immune Responses and Hormones in Sheep

Influence of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Atrophic Gastritis on the Gut Microbiota in a Japanese Population

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