Body mass index and its relation to neuropsychological functioning and brain volume in healthy older adults

Gogniat, Marissa A.; Robinson, Talia L; Mewborn, Catherine M; Jean, Kharine R.; Miller, L. Stephen

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.029

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In general, it has been found that BMI is inversely related to cognitive function, including memory and executive functioning. In addition to cognitive performance, obesity can affect brain structure; leading to atrophy (Climie et al, 2015;Gogniat et al, 2018). Moreover, a relationship has also been described regarding particular areas of the brain; the temporal and frontal lobes appear to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of obesity and gray matter volumes of these brain regions are reduced in obese patients; resulting in the reduction of neuronal viability (Gómez-Apo et al, 2018;Lee et al, 2020).…”

Section: Mets: Obesity Diabetes and Cognitive Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Metabolic Syndrome to Neurological Diseases: Role of Autophagy

Maiuolo

Gliozzi

Musolino

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Metabolic syndrome is not a single pathology, but a constellation of cardiovascular disease risk factors including: central and abdominal obesity, systemic hypertension, insulin resistance (or type 2 diabetes mellitus), and atherogenic dyslipidemia. The global incidence of Metabolic syndrome is estimated to be about one quarter of the world population; for this reason, it would be desirable to better understand the underlying mechanisms involved in order to develop treatments that can reduce or eliminate the damage caused. The effects of Metabolic syndrome are multiple and wide ranging; some of which have an impact on the central nervous system and cause neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Autophagy is a catabolic intracellular process, essential for the recycling of cytoplasmic materials and for the degradation of damaged cellular organelle. Therefore, autophagy is primarily a cytoprotective mechanism; even if excessive cellular degradation can be detrimental. To date, it is known that systemic autophagic insufficiency is able to cause metabolic balance deterioration and facilitate the onset of metabolic syndrome. This review aims to highlight the current state of knowledge regarding the connection between metabolic syndrome and the onset of several neurological diseases related to it. Furthermore, since autophagy has been found to be of particular importance in metabolic disorders, the probable involvement of this degradative process is assumed to be responsible for the attenuation of neurological disorders resulting from metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Mets: Obesity Diabetes and Cognitive Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Metabolic Syndrome to Neurological Diseases: Role of Autophagy

Maiuolo

Gliozzi

Musolino

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…Another cohort study of older blacks and whites (aged 53-100) conducted in the United States indicated that late-life BMI was related to change in cognitive function, with lower BMI being related to faster rates of decline in summary measures of global cognition [9]. Some studies have found that elevated BMI was associated with lower structural integrity in a brain region connecting frontal and temporal lobes among older people, which might affect their cognitive function [10,11]. A retrospective cohort study found there was difference in associations between BMI, brain metabolism and connectivity in elderly females and males [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass index and mild cognitive impairment among rural older adults in China: the moderating roles of gender and age

Yuan

Zhang

et al. 2021

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Evidence concerning the association between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive function among older people is inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate gender and age as moderators in association between BMI and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among rural older adults. Methods Data were derived from the 2019 Health Service for Rural Elderly Families Survey in Shandong, China. In total, 3242 people aged 60 years and above were included in the analysis. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was used to examine the moderating roles of gender and age, then further to explore the relationship between BMI and MCI. Results There were 601 (18.5%) participants with MCI. Compared with normal BMI group, low BMI group had a higher risk of MCI among older people [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–3.44], women (aOR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.35–3.12), or the older elderly aged ≥75 years old (aOR = 3.20, 95% CI: 1.34–7.45). This effect remained statistically significant among older women (aOR = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.69–6.73). Among older men, elevated BMI group had a higher risk of MCI (aOR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.17–4.61) than normal BMI group. Conclusions Gender and age moderated the association between BMI and MCI among Chinese rural older adults. Older women with low BMI were more likely to have MCI, but older men with elevated BMI were more likely to have MCI. These findings suggest rural community managers strengthen the health management by grouping the weight of older people to prevent the risk of dementia.

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“…Obese patients tend to have greater TBV and lower TBV decline, which might account for better cognitive function. However, previous studies found an association between obesity and a lower TBV as well as a higher AWM volume in healthy middle-aged adults ( 53 , 54 ). This association in older adults or T2DM patients was more complex, and previous study findings were inconsistent ( 54 , 55 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…However, previous studies found an association between obesity and a lower TBV as well as a higher AWM volume in healthy middle-aged adults ( 53 , 54 ). This association in older adults or T2DM patients was more complex, and previous study findings were inconsistent ( 54 , 55 ). Such discrepancies might be due to the population heterogeneity among studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Meanwhile, findings from studies involving T2DM or elder patients were conflicting. The harmfulness of obesity may be attenuated in the older population, and mild obesity may be a predictor of decreased mortality or high TBV ( 42 , 54 ). In addition, obesity may attenuate concomitant TBV decline, while its protective role in elderly population has been shown in other studies ( 23 , 54 , 56 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obesity is associated with greater cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Xing

Chen²,

Hu³

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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BackgroundThe impact of obesity on cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate whether obesity, assessed by body mass index (BMI) was associated with cognitive function among T2DM patients and whether the effect of obesity on cognitive function was through brain structure.MethodsThis was a post-hoc analysis of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes–Memory in Diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) study. The cognitive test battery included the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and STROOP test, which were administered at baseline, and at 20, 40, and 80 months. A subgroup (n = 614) of the ACCORD-MIND study underwent MRI scanning at baseline and at 40 and 80 months. The total brain volume (TBV), abnormal white matter volume (AWM), abnormal gray matter volume (AGM), and abnormal basal ganglia volume (ABG) were estimated. The outcomes of this study were cognitive function and brain structure.ResultsIn the adjusted analyses, BMI was positively associated with the MMSE (β:0.08, 95%CI,0.01-0.16, per standard deviation [SD] increase) and RAVLT scores (β:0.09, 95%CI,0.01-0.18). It was also associated with a greater TBV (β:7.48, 95%CI,0.29-14.67). BMI was not associated with the DSST or STROOP scores, and AWM, AGM, ABG. Mediation analysis found that the effect of BMI on MMSE/RAVLT was mediated through TBV.ConclusionObesity may be associated with greater cognitive function and the effect of BMI on cognitive function may be mediated by TBV among patients with T2DM.Clinical Trial Registrationhttp://www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT00000620.

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Body mass index and its relation to neuropsychological functioning and brain volume in healthy older adults

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

From Metabolic Syndrome to Neurological Diseases: Role of Autophagy

From Metabolic Syndrome to Neurological Diseases: Role of Autophagy

Body mass index and mild cognitive impairment among rural older adults in China: the moderating roles of gender and age

Obesity is associated with greater cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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