Body Mass Index and Cancer Risk: The Evidence for Causal Association~!2009-04-22~!2009-06-16~!2010-07-13~!

Renehan, Andrew G.; Egger, Matthias; Zwahlen, Marcel

doi:10.2174/1876823701002020012

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 57 publications

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“…A meta-analysis prospective study of 282 000 cancer cases from population of 4·8 million patients demonstrated similarly consistent findings across disease sites and sexes ( 8 ) . Applying the Bradford-Hill hypotheses of strength, consistency, specificity, temporality, biological gradient, plausibility, coherence, experimental evidence and analogy, obesity is a strong candidate to be a causal factor in the development of cancer as detailed in a review by Renehan et al ( 15 , 16 ) .…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity-associated cancer: an immunological perspective

et al. 2015

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Epidemiological studies have established an association between obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and a number of cancer types. Research has focused predominantly on altered endocrine factors, growth factors and signalling pathways, with little known in man about the immune involvement in the relevant pathophysiological processes. Moreover, in an era of exciting new breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy, there is also a need to study the safety and efficacy of immunotherapeutics in the complex setting of inflammatory-driven obesityassociated cancer. This review addresses key immune cell subsets underpinning obesityassociated inflammation and describes how such immune compartments might be targeted to prevent and treat obesity-associated cancer. We propose that the modulation, metabolism, migration and abundance of pro-and anti-inflammatory cells and tumour-specific T cells might be therapeutically altered to both restore immune balance, alleviating pathological inflammation, and to improve anti-tumour immune responses in obesity-associated cancer. Obesity: Cancer: Lymphocytes: Immunotherapeutics: InflammationThe burgeoning global health burden of obesity is of grave concern, affecting over half a billion adults worldwide, with approximately 3·5 million attributable deaths each year (1) . Despite national and international interventions to promote a healthy diet and lifestyle, recent reports predict that global obesity rates show no signs of abating, with predictions that half of all adults will be overweight or obese by 2030 (WHO). The worldwide prevalence of obesity almost doubled in the period 1980-2008. In 1980, 5 % of men and 8 % of women were obese and by 2008, these rates were 10 and 14 %, respectively. In many areas of the western world, the overweight phenotype is now the most prevalent body type. For example, in the USA in 2010 the prevalence of a BMI ≥ 25 was 69·2 %, with 35·9 % of people being obese (BMI ≥ 30) (2)

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity-associated cancer: an immunological perspective

et al. 2015

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Epidemiology of Overweight/Obesity and Cancer Risk

Renehan

2010

Physical Activity, Dietary Calorie Restriction, and Cancer

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Obesity Practice of Sports for Health, Smoking, Hypokinetic Diseases and Dietary Habits of the Teachers of Physical Education in Jordan

Arjan¹

2013

An-Najah Univ J Res-B (Humanities)

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The study aims at identifying the prevalence rates of obesity and overweight, underweight and the extent of the practice of sports for health, smoking, and diseases associated with sedentary and some dietary habits of physical education teachers in Jordan. The sample consists of (861) teachers randomly selected from various public, private and UNRWA schools in Jordan measuring their weight, height and responce to the questionnaire measure (the practice of sport for health, smoking, diseases associated with sedentary and some dietary habits, daily). The results indicated that the prevalence of obesity among male teachers was (13.38%), and the female teachers was (14.41%), with an average of (14.75%), and that (26.6%) of the male teachers and (7.5%) of the female teachers were smokers. Im both sex the percentage was (20.1%). The average number of cigarettes smoked by male teachers (22.7± 5.19), and female teachers was (13.4 ± 4.19) with an average smoking of (21.52 ± 5.94) cigarettes /day. The study shows that (35.82%) of male smoking teachers do smoke before their students, While female teachers do not do that.. (60.21%) of the male teachers and (35.84%) of the female teachers practice sports once or more /week. The most common diseases among physical education teachers are low back pain by (5.45%), for male teachers, and the percentage (16.04%) for the female teachers. With a general average of (9.05%). Diabetes (4.2%) (4.1%) (4.2%), blood pressure (3.0%), (4.1%), (3.48%), rheumatism and diseases of the joints (0.7%) (1.7%), (1.04%), cardiovascular diseases (0.70%), (0.68%), (0.69%) respectively. While the persentage of those who know that they had a higher risk in the level of blood fats (4.57%), (11.26%), (6.85 %), respectively. The study also indicated the presence of high rates of spread of some unhealthy eating habits among teachers and that they should not have breakfast, a lot of tea, coffee, soft drinks and not eat vegetables, fruits, milk. To sum up, the spread of these risk factors among physical education teachers should be of interest by the decision-maker because of its relation to the trends of students and health practices.

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Body Mass Index and Cancer Risk: The Evidence for Causal Association~!2009-04-22~!2009-06-16~!2010-07-13~!

Cited by 3 publications

References 57 publications

Obesity-associated cancer: an immunological perspective

Obesity-associated cancer: an immunological perspective

Epidemiology of Overweight/Obesity and Cancer Risk

Obesity Practice of Sports for Health, Smoking, Hypokinetic Diseases and Dietary Habits of the Teachers of Physical Education in Jordan

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