Body mass in large extant and extinct carnivores

Anyonge, William

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1993.tb01922.x

Cited by 174 publications

(187 citation statements)

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“…Range of estimated shoulder height and body weight of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) unearthed from burial chamber M4. GL = Greatest length; MSD = Mid-shaft diameter; MSC = Mid-shaft circumference; *ESH = Shoulder height estimation after Harcourt (1974); **EBW = Body weight estimation after Anyonge (1993) and Wroe et al (1999). Bold type identifies minimum and maximum values for each bone.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For all other skeletal elements only their presence and number was recorded. On the basis of the long bone measurements, estimations of shoulder height and body weight of the fox species discovered in burial chamber M4 were made following the methodologies in Harcourt (1974), Anyonge (1993) and Wroe et al (1999). For the calculation of the shoulder height, the factors (coefficients) suggested by Harcourt were used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphometric Examination of Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) from the Van-Yoncatepe Necropolis in Eastern Anatolia

2005

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SUMMARY:In the burial chamber M4 of the Van-Yoncatepe necropolis in eastern Anatolia, dated to the beginning of the first millennium before our time, fox skeletal remains have been discovered together with human skeletal remains. The fox remains consist of two skulls and a large number of skeletal (postcranial) bones. Examination of the material led us to the conclusion that five foxes had been buried in the chamber. Craniometric and osteometric measurements were carried out on the bones, and estimations of shoulder height and body weight have been calculated. Evaluation of all quantitative and qualitative data and comparison with modern fox species led to identification of the remains as red fox (Vulpes vulpes).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric Examination of Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) from the Van-Yoncatepe Necropolis in Eastern Anatolia

2005

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“…Circunferencia del fémur (circF): es la circunferencia tomada en el punto medio de la diáfisis (Anderson et al, 1985;Roth, 1990;Anyonge, 1993).…”

Section: Materiales Y Métodosunclassified

“…La masa corporal de cada género representado se estimó sobre la base de 24 ecuaciones alométricas construidas en mamíferos vivientes (Tabla 1) y que mostraron tener un alto índice de correlación con la masa corporal y bajo porcentaje de error en el grupo para el que fueron creadas. Estas ecuaciones derivan de grupos de mamíferos en general (Anderson et al, 1985;Roth, 1990) y grupos particulares de mamíferos como ungulados (Scott, 1990;Janis, 1990), roedores caviomorfos (Biknevicius et al, 1993;Biknevicius, 1999) y carnívoros (Anyonge, 1993). Las ecuaciones están basadas en medidas del esqueleto apendicular y, en el caso de Janis (1990), medidas dentarias, por lo que se incluyen en el análisis algunos de los taxones representados solo por material dentario.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estimación de la masa corporal en géneros del Orden Notoungulata

Elissamburu¹

2011

Estud. geol.

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RESUMENLos Notoungulata son un grupo de mamíferos fósiles ampliamente diversos y sin representantes vivientes. Prácticamente no se disponen de estimaciones de la masa corporal para la mayoría de los géneros incluidos en este Orden, ni de un método objetivo para seleccionar los estimadores de masa. El objetivo del trabajo es estimar la masa corporal de los representantes del Orden Notoungulata y reconocer cuales son las mejores ecuaciones predictivas para tal fin, respecto a cada taxón en particular, a cada familia y al Orden en general. Se incluyen 535 ejemplares fósiles correspondientes a 50 géneros del orden. La masa corporal de cada género se estima sobre la base de 24 ecuaciones alométricas construidas en mamíferos vivientes, basadas en 19 medidas del esqueleto apendicular y tres medidas dentarias tomadas con calibre digital. El intervalo de masa corporal dado por los valores estimados para el orden se encuentra entre 0,57 kg en Archaeophylus (Interatheriidae) y 3797 Kg en Mixotoxodon (Toxodontidae), lo que refleja la gran diversidad de tamaños corporales que caracteriza al grupo. Los menores tamaños se dan en las familias Notostylopidae, Oldfieldthomasiidae, Archaeopithecidae, Interatheriidae, Archaeohyracidae y Hegetotheriidae; tamaños intermedios en los Notohippidae, Isotemnidae y Mesotheriidae y tamaños grandes en Homalodotheriidae. En los Leontiniidae y Toxodontidae los tamaños van de intermedios a grandes, siendo esta última la de mayor variación de masa y con los taxones de mayor tamaño. En comparación con los ungulados holárticos, los notoungulados presentan un intervalo más amplio y variable de masa corporal hacia las formas de menor tamaño y con mayor variedad funcional en las extremidades.Palabras clave: Ecuaciones alométricas. Estimación de masa corporal. Notoungulata. ABSTRACTThe Notoungulata are a highly diverse group of fossil mammals with no living relatives. Virtually no body mass estimations are available for most of the genera in this order, and there is no objective method to select body mass estimators. The goal of this work is to estimate the body mass of Notoungulata taxa and detect the best predictive equations for this purpose, for each genera and family and for the order as a whole. A total of 535 fossil specimens from 50 genera are included. For each genus, body mass is estimated through 24 allometric equations calculated using 19 appendicular skeleton measurements and three dental measurements of extant mammals, taken with digital caliper. According to estimated values, the body mass interval for the order ranges from 0.57 kg in Archaeophylus (Interatheriidae) to 3797 Kg in Mixotoxodon (Toxodontidae), reflecting the great body size diversity characteristic of the group. The smallest sizes occur in the families Notostylopidae, Oldfieldthomasiidae, Archaeopithecidae, Interatheriidae, Archaeohyracidae and Hegetotheriidae; intermediate sizes among the Notohippidae, Isotemnidae and Mesotheriidae, and large sizes among the Homalodotheriidae. In the Leontiniidae and Toxodontidae, sizes r...

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“…Cranial metrics may be determined and/or tightly constrained by feeding requirements, and dental dimensions are particularly problematic for macropodids, in which molars erupt continually and are successively shed. In contrast, load-bearing long bones (such as the femur or humerus) exhibit similar scaling relationships across unrelated taxa and over a wide range of body sizes and are considered more appropriate for body mass extrapolations (Anderson et al 1985;Anyonge 1993;Reynolds 2002). Predictions based on mid-shaft circumferences of load-bearing long bones are particularly powerful (Anderson et al 1985;Wroe et al 2004), and because kangaroos are bipedal, femoral dimensions are especially appropriate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and evolutionary significance of sizes of giant extinct kangaroos

et al. 2006

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A method, based on femoral circumference, allowed us to develop body mass estimates for 11 extinct Pleistocene megafaunal species of macropodids (Protemnodon anak, P. brehus, P. hopei, P. roechus, Procoptodon goliah, ‘P.’ gilli, Simosthenurus maddocki, S. occidentalis, Sthenurus andersoni, S. stirlingi and S. tindalei) and three fossil populations of the extant eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus). With the possible exception of P. goliah, the extinct taxa were browsers, among which sympatric, congeneric species sort into size classes separated by body mass increments of 20–75%. None show evidence of size variation through time, and only the smallest (‘P.’ gilli) exhibits evidence suggestive of marked sexual dimorphism. The largest surviving macropodids (five species of Macropus) are grazers which, although sympatric, do not differ greatly in body mass today, but at least one species (M. giganteus) fluctuated markedly in body size over the course of the Pleistocene. Sexual dimorphism in these species is marked, and may have varied through time. There is some mass overlap between the extinct and surviving macropodid taxa. With a mean estimated body mass of 232 kg, Procoptodon goliah was the largest hopping mammal ever to exist.

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Body mass in large extant and extinct carnivores

Cited by 174 publications

References 29 publications

Morphometric Examination of Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) from the Van-Yoncatepe Necropolis in Eastern Anatolia

Morphometric Examination of Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) from the Van-Yoncatepe Necropolis in Eastern Anatolia

Estimación de la masa corporal en géneros del Orden Notoungulata

Ecological and evolutionary significance of sizes of giant extinct kangaroos

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