Body mass, body composition and sleeping metabolic rate before, during and after endurance training

Westerterp, Klaas R.; Meijer, G.A.L.; Schoffelen, Paul F.M.; Janssen, E.

doi:10.1007/bf01094789

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In our study, fat scores for exercisetrained and control groups were not significantly different, so increases in lean mass, including M pec , were major components of the elevated M b . A similar reduction in BMR after training, despite stable or increasing M b , has also been observed in mammals (Westerterp et al, 1994;Hoppeler et al, 1995).…”

Section: Among Birds Tufted Duckssupporting

confidence: 75%

Cross-training in birds: cold and exercise training produce similar changes in maximal metabolic output, muscle masses and myostatin expression in house sparrows,Passer domesticus

Zhang

Eyster

Liu

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Maximal metabolic outputs for exercise and thermogenesis in birds presumably influence fitness through effects on flight and shivering performance. Because both summit (M sum , maximum thermoregulatory metabolic rate) and maximum (MMR, maximum exercise metabolic rate) metabolic rates are functions of skeletal muscle activity, correlations between these measurements and their mechanistic underpinnings might occur. To examine whether such correlations occur, we measured the effects of experimental cold and exercise training protocols for 3 weeks on body (M b ) and muscle (M pec ) masses, basal metabolic rate (BMR), M sum , MMR, pectoralis mRNA and protein expression for myostatin, and mRNA expression of TLL-1 and TLL-2 (metalloproteinase activators of myostatin) in house sparrows (Passer domesticus). Both training protocols increased M sum , MMR, M b and M pec , but BMR increased with cold training and decreased with exercise training. No significant differences occurred for pectoralis myostatin mRNA expression, but cold and exercise increased the expression of TLL-1 and TLL-2. Pectoralis myostatin protein levels were generally reduced for both training groups. These data clearly demonstrate cross-training effects of cold and exercise in birds, and are consistent with a role for myostatin in increasing pectoralis muscle mass and driving organismal increases in metabolic capacities.

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Section: Among Birds Tufted Duckssupporting

confidence: 75%

Cross-training in birds: cold and exercise training produce similar changes in maximal metabolic output, muscle masses and myostatin expression in house sparrows,Passer domesticus

Zhang

Eyster

Liu

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The longest training intervention showed the biggest absolute change in FFM without any indication of an increase in RMR. In fact, the opposite was measured, SMR was slightly lower, whereas FFM had increased by 5%, at 40 wk after the start of the training program (21). Here, the speculation was that RMR changed as a defense mechanism of the body weight maintenance.…”

Section: Effect Of Exercise Intervention On Daily Energy Turnover Andmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Goran and Poehlman (16) observed an increase in RMR from 6.68 to 7.38 MJ/d. Westerterp et al (17,21) observed a tendency for SMR to decrease from (x -± SD) 6.46 ± 0.62 to 6.32 ± 0.61 MJ/d. Van Etten et al (18) did not observe any change in SMR.…”

Section: Effect Of Exercise Intervention On Daily Energy Turnover Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in energy balance with exercise

Westerterp¹

1998

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

110

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The doubly labeled water method for measuring average daily metabolic rate (ADMR) in combination with resting metabolic rate (RMR) allows one to assess the relation between exercise and energy balance. Three topics were included in an analysis of available data: 1) the limits of energy turnover in relation to physical performance for the achievement of energy balance, 2) the effect of an exercise intervention on daily energy turnover and its components, and 3) the effect of exercise on body composition. In the general population, physical activity level (PAL: ADMR/RMR) ranges between 1.2 and 2.2-2.5. There is no sex difference in the level of physical activity. Higher PAL values can be maintained by training and supplementation of the diet with energy-dense, carbohydrate-rich formulas. Exercise training does not influence spontaneous activity except in the elderly. In sedentary subjects, exercise training does not influence RMR when body weight is maintained. An exercise-induced increase in ADMR is about twice the training load. Exercise induces an increase in fat-free mass, especially in women, and a decrease in fat mass. Women tend to preserve energy balance and consequently loss of fat mass is significantly less.Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68(suppl):970S-4S. KEY WORDSEnergy intake, average daily metabolic rate, resting metabolic rate, basal metabolic rate, physical activity level, diet-induced energy expenditure, activity-induced energy expenditure, exercise training, fat-free mass, fat mass

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“…Some studies have shown an increase in resting metabolic rate, adjusted for fat-free mass and fat mass, in response to training [7][8][9] whereas others found no effect. [10][11][12] In contrast to these studies, not much research has been focused on establishing the most beneficial exercise intensity for increasing 24 h energy expenditure 24 h EE. Some studies have shown that HI exercise has a more pronounced effect on postexercise energy expenditure compared to LI exercise, [13][14][15] whereas other found no difference, 16,17 but these studies only measured energy expenditure for several hours after exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substrate oxidation differences between high- and low-intensity exercise are compensated over 24 hours in obese men

Saris

Schrauwen

2004

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVE: Exercise has been proposed as a tool for the prevention of obesity. Apart from an effect on energy expenditure, in particular low-intensity (LI) exercise might also influence substrate metabolism in favour of fat oxidation. It is however unclear what is the most beneficial exercise regime for obese people. We therefore studied the effect of either high-intensity (HI) or LI exercise on 24 h energy expenditure (24 h EE) and substrate metabolism. METHODS: Eight healthy obese male volunteers (age: 3871 y, BMI: 3171 kg/m 2 , W max : 235716 W) stayed in the respiration chamber for two nights and the day in-between. In the chamber they cycled either at a HI (three times 30 min in a interval protocol (2.5 min 80/50% W max )) or LI (three times 60 min continuously at 38% W max ) protocol with an equicaloric energy expenditure. In the chamber subjects were fed in energy balance (37/48/15% of energy as fat/carbohydrate/protein). RESULTS: The 24 h EE was not significantly different between protocols. In both protocols, sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) was elevated after the exercise (average þ 6.7%). The 24 h respiratory quotient (24 h RQ) was not different between protocols. During exercise, RQ was higher in the HI compared to the LI protocol (0.93 vs 0.91 resp., Po0.05), whereas in the postexercise period RQ tended to be lower in the HI compared to the LI protocol (P ¼ 0.06). CONCLUSION: 24 h EE is not differently affected by HI or LI exercise in obese men. Similarly, the differences in HI and LI exercise, RQ are compensated postexercise leading to similar substrate oxidation patterns over 24 h independently of the level of exercise intensity.

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Body mass, body composition and sleeping metabolic rate before, during and after endurance training

Cited by 54 publications

References 23 publications

Cross-training in birds: cold and exercise training produce similar changes in maximal metabolic output, muscle masses and myostatin expression in house sparrows,Passer domesticus

Cross-training in birds: cold and exercise training produce similar changes in maximal metabolic output, muscle masses and myostatin expression in house sparrows,Passer domesticus

Alterations in energy balance with exercise

Substrate oxidation differences between high- and low-intensity exercise are compensated over 24 hours in obese men

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