Body mass as a factor in stature change

Rodacki, André Luíz Félix; Fowler, Neil; Provensi, Clever Luiz Gregolin; Rodacki, Cintia de Lourdes Nahhas; Dezan, Valério Henrique

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.04.005

Cited by 77 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…One possible biomechanical explanation is that both a higher body weight and poorer strength of the supporting spinal muscles lead to chronic overloading of the spine. Obese persons generate higher mechanical moments in the same postures than do people of normal weight; they are also less able to maintain and regain their body stature during and after physical exertion than normal-weight persons, and the inability to regain stature has particularly been associated with an increased risk of low-back pain (37,38). Health behavior may affect low-back pain through other biological mechanisms, such as vascular or inflammatory processes (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational loading, health behavior and sleep disturbance as predictors of low-back pain

Miranda¹,

Viikari‐Juntura²,

Punnett³

et al. 2008

Scand J Work Environ Health

117

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Miranda H, Viikari-Juntura E, Punnett L, Riihimäki H. Occupational loading, health behavior and sleep disturbance as predictors of low-back pain. Scand J Work Environ Health 2008;34(6):411-419.Objectives Risk factors for low-back pain are known to co-occur, but their joint effect has not often been studied.Little is also known about the variation of the risk factors or their effects with age.Methods This prospective study assessed the 1-year incidence of low-back pain by age group in a Finnish industrial population. The effects of the baseline variables on the risk of low-back pain in the follow-up were estimated with a log-binomial regression.Results Among 2256 blue-and white-collar workers free of low-back pain 12 months preceding the baseline, 21% reported low-back pain after 1-year of follow-up. Physical work load (sum of heavy lifting, awkward postures, and whole-body vibration) predicted low-back pain among those younger than 50 years [highest relative risk (RR) 2.4, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.4-4.2], whereas health behavior (sum of smoking, overweight, and lack of physical exercise) increased the risk only among those 50 years or older (RR up to 2.8, 95% CI 1.4-5.4). Mental stress, dissatisfaction with life, and sleep problems were significant predictors in the group of 40-to 49-year-old workers. Work-related psychosocial factors were not associated with the outcome. ConclusionsIn this study, workers of different ages were affected by slightly different risk factors. The results support the provision of health promotion and stress management as part of programs to prevent work-related low-back pain. In particular, aging workers may benefit from such an integrated approach. More prospective studies on the joint effects of age-specific risk factors of low-back pain are warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational loading, health behavior and sleep disturbance as predictors of low-back pain

Miranda¹,

Viikari‐Juntura²,

Punnett³

et al. 2008

Scand J Work Environ Health

117

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“…Spinal shrinkage during walking activities has been investigated in relation to LBP [9][10][11][12][13]. In these studies, between 3 and 12 mm of spinal shrinkage has been obtained using stadiometry, depending on the walk time, participant group, those with and without low back pain and the nature of the loading conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These losses are predominantly a result of height reductions in the intervertebral discs. This occurs through lateral bulging of the annulus fibrosus, contributing to the initial rapid height losses [12] and subsequent fluid loss from the nucleus pulposis [17,18], contributing to the later, slower height reductions [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of upper limb loading on spinal shrinkage during treadmill walking

2012

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Introduction Everyday activities such as walking may elicit spinal shrinkage in an order of magnitude that has been related to lower back pain. The present study aims to compare the effects of unloaded treadmill walking with walking carrying loads representing everyday shopping tasks. Materials and methods Walking tasks were performed on seven healthy males and motion analysis was used to track four reflective markers at 100 Hz, dividing the spine into three segments. Static data was collected in 5-min intervals over a 30-min period. Results Total spinal length and lumbar segment decreased with respect to time (p \ 0.001). Load affected the percentage length change at each spinal segment (p \ 0.005), with the lumbar segment showing greatest height loss at the highest load. The upper and lower thoracic segments showed greater anterior lean with the heavier loads (p = 0.000) and the lumbar segment showed the opposite trend (p = 0.000). Conclusion Results suggest that the body adopts less anterior lean with an immediate load-bearing demand, to decrease the necessary extension moment generated by the spinal extensors for spinal stability. Further postural alteration in the same direction is observed with prolonged loading. In combination with lumbar spinal shrinkage, such postural changes are likely to increase the loading on the facet joints and subsequently unload the discs which may be beneficial for those with low back pain.

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“…It also modifies body geometry and increases the mass of the different segments. 4,5 There are also suggestions that an increased body fat mass decreases postural stability and increases the odds of falling. For instance, Owusu et al 6 explored the association between body anthropometry and the incidence of hip and wrist fractures in 43 053 men 40-75 years old.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of obesity on accurate and rapid arm movement performed from a standing posture

Berrigan

Simoneau

Tremblay³

et al. 2006

Int J Obes

104

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Introduction: Obesity yields a decreased postural stability. The potentially negative impact of obesity on the control of upper limb movements, however, has not been documented. This study sought to examine if obesity imposes an additional balance control constraint limiting the speed and accuracy with which an upper limb goal-directed movement performed from an upright standing position can be executed. Method: Eight healthy lean subjects (body mass index (BMI) between 20.9 and 25.0 kg/m 2 ) and nine healthy obese subjects (BMI between 30.5 and 48.6 kg/m 2 ) pointed to a target located in front of them from an upright standing posture. The task was to aim at the target as fast and as precisely as possible after an auditory signal. The difficulty of the task was varied by using different target sizes (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 cm width). Hand movement time (MT) and velocity profiles were measured to quantify the aiming. Centre of pressure and segmental kinematics were analysed to document postural stability. Results: When aiming, the forward centre of pressure (CP) displacement was greater for the obese group than for the normal BMI group (4.6 and 1.9 cm, respectively). For the obese group, a decrease in the target size was associated with an increase in backward CP displacement and CP peak speed whereas for the normal BMI group backward CP displacements and CP peak speed were about the same across all target sizes. Obese participants aimed at the target moving their whole body forward whereas the normal BMI subjects predominantly made an elbow extension and shoulder flexion. For both groups, MT increased with a decreasing target size. Compare to the normal BMI group, this effect was exacerbated for the obese group. For the two smallest targets, movements were on average 115 and 145 ms slower for the obese than for the normal BMI group suggesting that obesity added a balance constraint and limited the speed with which an accurate movement could be done. Summary: Obesity, because of its effects on the control of balance, also imposes constraints on goal-directed movements. From a clinical perspective, obese individuals might be less efficient and more at risk of injuries than normal weight individuals in a large number of work tasks and daily activities requiring upper limb movements performed from an upright standing position.

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Body mass as a factor in stature change

Cited by 77 publications

References 24 publications

Occupational loading, health behavior and sleep disturbance as predictors of low-back pain

Occupational loading, health behavior and sleep disturbance as predictors of low-back pain

The effects of upper limb loading on spinal shrinkage during treadmill walking

Influence of obesity on accurate and rapid arm movement performed from a standing posture

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