Body Image Perception and Satisfaction of Junior High School Students: Analysis of Possible Determinants

Abstract

Body image (BI) is a multidimensional construct that refers to one’s perceptions of and attitudes toward one’s own physical characteristics. Adolescence is a critical developmental stage in which concerns about BI increase. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate body image and aesthetic body shape standards in a sample of middle school students living in China. The researchers gathered demographic information, as well as height and weight data, for their study. They used a body silhouette to assess body image perception and body shape aesthetics and calculated two indexes: BIP, which measures the accuracy of self-perception and the estimation of bodily dimensions, and BIS, which indicates the difference between an individual’s perceived and ideal body images. A total of 1585 students in three grades at two middle schools were included in the study (759 = female, mean age = 13.67 ± 0.90; 839 = male, mean age = 13.70 ± 0.90). The results showed that the BIP bias rate of middle school students was 55.7%, and the BI dissatisfaction rate was 81.0%. Females tended to overestimate their body shape and desire to be thinner compared to males. Students with a higher BMI grading were more prone to underestimating their body shape and aspiring to be thinner. Furthermore, 8.6% of students chose underweight as the ideal body type for boys, while 22.6% chose underweight as the ideal body type for girls. In conclusion, there are significant gender differences in the aesthetic standards of body shape, and adolescents believe that for women, a thin body shape is beautiful.

Body Mass Index and Physical Fitness among Chinese Adolescents Aged 15–18: A Cross-Sectional Study of Gender Differences

“…Notably, our study reveals heterogeneity between male and female students, with normal-weight boys achieving the highest scores, and underweight girls demonstrating the best performance. This finding is novel, and may be attributed to the cultural association between thinness and attractiveness among girls in China, who believe that "thin is beautiful" [41]. Many girls engage in physical activities and practices, such as yoga, to maintain their figure, resulting in improved physical fitness and reduced BMI.…”