Body Habitus in a Cohort of HIV-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Injection Drug Users

Smit, Ellen; Semba, Richard D.; Pilibosian, Erin; Vlahov, David; Tun, Waimar; Purvis, Lisa A.; Tang, Alice

doi:10.1089/apc.2005.19.19

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

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“…Forrester and Gorbach (2003) found, similarly, that HIV-positive subjects on HAART, both IDUs and non-IDUs, had less fat in their arms and legs than subjects who were either HIV-negative or not on HAART. In a comparison between HIV-positive ( n = 213) and HIV-negative ( n = 100) IDUs, the picture was not as clear (Smit et al, 2005). Fat loss was more common among the infected group and was not associated with HAART use.…”

Section: Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nutrition Issues in Chronic Drug Users Living With HIV Infection

Hendricks¹,

Gorbach²

2009

ASCP

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and chronic drug abuse both compromise nutritional status. For individuals with both disorders, the combined effects on wasting, the nutritional consequence that is most closely linked to mortality, appear to be synergistic. Substance abuse clinicians can improve and extend patients’ lives by recommending healthy diets; observing and assessing for food insecurity, nutritional deficits, signs of weight loss and wasting, body composition changes, and metabolic abnormalities; and providing referrals to food programs and nutritionists. More studies are needed on the nutritional consequences of using specific illicit drugs, the impact on health of specific micronutrient and metabolic deficiencies seen in people with HIV, and the causes and clinical implications of body fat changes associated with HIV.

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Section: Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nutrition Issues in Chronic Drug Users Living With HIV Infection

Hendricks¹,

Gorbach²

2009

ASCP

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Physical activity in a cohort of HIV-positive and HIV-negative injection drug users

et al. 2006

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Physical activity is beneficial for persons with HIV infection but little is known about the relationships between physical activity, HIV treatment and injection drug use (IDU). This study compared physical activity levels between HIV-negative and HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs) and between HIV-positive participants not on any treatment and participants on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Anthropometric measurements were obtained and an interviewer-administered modified Paffenbarger physical activity questionnaire was administered to 324 participants in a sub-study of the AIDS Linked to Intravenous Experiences (ALIVE) cohort, an ongoing study of HIV-negative and HIV-positive IDUs. Generalized linear models were used to obtain univariate means and to adjust for confounding (age, gender, employment and recent IDU). Vigorous activity was lower among HAART participants than HIV-positive participants not on treatment (p=0.0025) and somewhat lower than HIV-negative participants (p=0.11). Injection drug use and viral load were not associated with vigorous activity. Energy expenditure in vigorous activity was also lower among HAART participants than both HIV-negative and HIV-positive participants not on treatment. Thus, HIV-positive participants on HAART spend less time on vigorous activity independent of recent IDU. More research is needed into the reasons and mechanism for the lack of vigorous activities, including behavioral, psychological and physiological reasons.

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Psychometric Properties of a Lipodystrophy Scale

Lee

Patel²,

Sachs³

et al. 2006

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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Prior HIV lipodystrophy (LD) scales have been unidimensional, often combining changes of fat loss with fat accumulation with retinoid changes. Our objective was to determine the psychometric properties of a LD scale used in an outpatient LD subspecialty clinic at a university hospital HIV clinic. A patient and clinician self-administered LD scale was used to evaluate 107 patients referred to the Owen LD Clinic from March of 1999 to August of 2002. Sixteen measures of the LD syndrome were assessed on a severity scale ranging from 0 (none) to 3 (severe). SPSS was used to perform a reliability and factor analysis. A total of 150 paired patient and clinician assessments were performed. Thirty-one patients had repeat assessments. Reliability analysis of the patient and clinician self-administered LD scale revealed an alpha of 0.76 and 0.73, respectively. Factor analysis of patient self-assessment of LD identified 3 factors, which clustered in the following order: fat loss, fat accumulation, and retinoid changes. Factor analysis of clinician self-assessment of LD identified 4 factors. The first factor clustered around items of fat loss. A second cluster consisted of retinoid changes. The final 2 factors clustered around items consistent with fat accumulation. The patient and clinician self-administered Owen Clinic LD scale was found to be highly reliable and useful in the assessment of LD. Our analysis confirms clinical intuition that the evaluation of LD is a multidimensional construct and that 3 subscales may be used to evaluate dimensions of fat loss, fat accumulation, and retinoid changes.

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Body Habitus in a Cohort of HIV-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Injection Drug Users

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Nutrition Issues in Chronic Drug Users Living With HIV Infection

Nutrition Issues in Chronic Drug Users Living With HIV Infection

Physical activity in a cohort of HIV-positive and HIV-negative injection drug users

Psychometric Properties of a Lipodystrophy Scale

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