Body frame size in school children is related to the amount of adipose tissue in different depots but not to adipose distribution

Garza, Francisco Javier Guzmán-de la; Ayala, Alejandra E. González; Nava, Marisol Gómez; Monsiváis, Leislie I. Martínez; Salinas-Martı́nez, Ana Marı́a; López, Erik Ramírez; Quirós, Alvaro Mathiew; Quintanilla, Francisco Garcia

doi:10.1002/ajhb.23014

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A study by Guzman de la Garza et al, 2017, found that the WHR is not signifi cantly correlated with body frame size measures [8]. Th e present study also found no correlation between the WHR and the sum of three skinfolds, and the WHR and the percentage of BF.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 37%

Use of waist to hip ratio in the determination of the body composition in preschool children in Latvian population

Skruze

Kažoka

2017

PoA

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2008, the waist to hip ratio (WHR) has been suggested superior to the body mass index (BMI) in predicting the cardiovascular disease risk in adults and adolescents. There have been studies about the WHR in preschool children in the populations of Pakistan, Chile and Mexico; and it is not the WHO which recommended it as a routine method in preschool children.The present study includes 85 children (41 girls and 44 boys), aged 5 to 7 years, without any chronic conditions. Body height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, triceps skinfold, abdominal skinfold and subscapular skinfold were measured. The WHR, the BMI, the sum of three skinfolds and the percentage of body fat (%BF) were calculated.It was found that the WHR decreased with age in girls; there were no specific changes found in the WHR with age in boys. The present study found no correlation in boys or girls between the WHR and the BMI; the WHR and the sum of three skinfolds; the WHR and the percentage of BF. There was also no correlation between the Z-scores of the BMI and Z-scores of the WHR.Conclusions. The WHR is a questionable body composition marker in preschool children in the Latvian population and must be evaluated separately from other body composition markers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 37%

Use of waist to hip ratio in the determination of the body composition in preschool children in Latvian population

Skruze

Kažoka

2017

PoA

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“…The success of physical activity in the reduction of overweight has to be measured differently (Epstein et al 2008). Furthermore, although BMI is correlated with %BF the "optimal percentile cutoff to define obesity in children differs between those with high muscle mass or a large body frame" (La Guzmán-de Garza et al 2017). The interaction of lean mass and physical activity is not captured by BMI measurements and Frame Index seems to be a more appropriate measure (Rietsch et al 2013a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interaction of BMI, Frame Index, % body fat and physical activity (adapted after (Rietsch et al 2013a;Scheffler and Hermanussen 2018) As described earlier, BMI is used to identify overweight and obese children as BMI and %BF are positively correlated. In general, boys and girls with a high BMI have a high amount of BF whereas the interaction is stronger in girls than in boys (La Guzmán-de Garza et al 2017;Prentice and Jebb 2001;Woolcott and Bergman 2019). Despite the high correlation, BMI is not an ideal predictor of %BF either in children and adolescents or in adults (Deurenberg-Yap et al 2000;Wells 2018;Wickramasinghe 2012).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The definition also applies to children that have a highfat mass and low-fat free mass but their BMI is within a normal range (Czernitzki et al 2017;Wohlfahrt-Veje et al 2014), however, commonly agreed cut-offs for the percentage of BF (%BF) to define overweight and obesity in children are still missing (Czernitzki et al 2017;Wohlfahrt-Veje et al 2014). Skeletal robusticity, body mass, and body composition interact e.g., an increase in skeletal dimensions is associated with an increase in BF (La Guzmán-de Garza et al 2017). The interaction was described in detail by Rietsch et al (2013a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of percentage of body fat in field studies – a method based on relative elbow breadth (Frame Index) and BMI

Mumm

Reimann

Hermanussen

2021

HBPH

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Background Over the last 20 years, a decreasing trend in external skeletal robusticity and an increasing trend in overweight and obesity was observed worldwide in adults and children as modern lifestyles in nutritional and activity behavior have changed. However, body mass index (BMI) as a measure for overweight is not an ideal predictor of % body fat (%BF) either in children and adolescents or in adults. On the contrary, it disguises a phenomenon called “hidden obesity”. Objectives We aim to approximate %BF by combining skeletal robusticity and BMI and develop an estimation-based tool to identify normal weight obese children and adolescents. Sample and Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data on height, weight, elbow breadth, and skinfold thickness (triceps and subscapular) of German children aged 6 to 18 years (N=15,034). We used modified Hattori charts and multiple linear regression to develop a tool, the “%BF estimator”, to estimate %BF by using BMI and skeletal robusticity measured as Frame Index. Results Independent of sex and age an increase in BMI is associated with an increase in %BF, an increase in Frame Index is associated with a decrease in %BF. The developed tool “%BF estimator” allows the estimation of %BF per sex and age group after calculation of BMI and Frame Index. Conclusion The “%BF estimator” is an easily applicable tool for the estimation of %BF in respect of body composition for clinical practice, screening, and public health research. It is non-invasive and has high accuracy. Further, it allows the identification of normal weight obese children and adolescents.

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“…Bratberg et al conducted a study on children 12-16 years of age in middle schools and claimed that early maturation in girls leads to shorter height compared to normal maturated girls [9]. Shalitin et al claimed that growth rate in overweight adolescents is slower than their normal-weight peers [10], and other studies found that body frame size and shape in children was associated with the amount of adipose tissue in different adipose tissue depots but not with adipose distribution [11,12]. Some studies suggested a relationship for multiple adiposity-associated-genetic loci with pubertal timing and adult height and also confirmed that despite hormonal change in obesity, molecular pathways are also involved in linear growth regulation [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between obesity and height in adolescents

Mehrdad¹,

Hassanbeigi²,

Sedaghat³

et al. 2021

fmpcr

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Background. The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide and can affect their linear growth through various mechanisms. Objectives. We aimed to investigate the association between obesity-related traits and height in adolescents. Material and methods. This was a categorized cross-sectional study carried out on 186 students (93 case and 93 control) 15 to 18 years of age who were randomly selected from three schools in Shiraz, Iran. Anthropometric indices including height, weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF) and body muscle percentage (BM) were measured. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software (Version 16). A significance level was considered as being less than 0.05. Results. We found an inverse association for waist circumference (WC) and fat mass with height. In addition, there was a direct relationship between fat-free mass and trunk fat with height. The mean height of participants in the obesity group was significantly lower than the control group (p = 0.04). Participants in the obesity group had significant higher FM percentage (p < 0.001) and WC (p < 0.001) than the control group. There was a significant correlation between height and WC (p = 0.003), as well as between height and fat percentage (p < 0.001). We also found a direct relationship between fast-free mass and height (p < 0.001), as well as between trunk fat percentage and height (p = 0.026). We have suggested an equation to estimate adolescents' height based on the anthropometric indices. Conclusions. Adiposity, especially central adiposity, is adversely associated with height. However, muscle percentage might reinforce linear growth. Further studies are warranted to confirm this finding.

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Body frame size in school children is related to the amount of adipose tissue in different depots but not to adipose distribution

Abstract: Body frame size in school children was related to the amount of adipose tissue in different depots, but not adipose distribution. More studies are needed to confirm this relationship and its importance to predict changes in visceral fat deposition during growth.

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Use of waist to hip ratio in the determination of the body composition in preschool children in Latvian population

Use of waist to hip ratio in the determination of the body composition in preschool children in Latvian population

Estimation of percentage of body fat in field studies – a method based on relative elbow breadth (Frame Index) and BMI

The association between obesity and height in adolescents

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