Body fat distribution and cardiovascular risk in normal weight women. Associations with insulin resistance, lipids and plasma leptin

Tai, E. Shyong; Lau, T.N.; Ho, Su-Chin; Fok, A. C. K.; Tan, Chee Eng

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801220

Cited by 71 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…41 The differential deposition of adipose tissue between the abdominal subcutaneous compartment and the gluteal fat depot is associated with variations in cardiovascular risk factors. 29 Tai et al concluded that there needs to be a shift of focus away from intraabdominal fat to subcutaneous fat when dealing with the features of the metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26,27 In turn, an upper body obesity strengthens the risk of the 'Metabolic Syndrome', a constellation of metabolic diseases including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hypertension and its clinical consequences like cardiovascular disease and fatty liver. 1,2,28,29 Imaging techniques, that is, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computer tomography (CT) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), are precise and accurate techniques used to study lean body mass and adipose tissue distribution. However, these techniques are not applicable as field methods because of the risk of radiological burden (CT, DEXA), and the high costs (MRI) limit the measurement to a restricted area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body fat distribution of overweight females with a history of weight cycling

et al. 2004

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Weight cycling may cause a redistribution of body fat to the upper body fat compartments. We investigated the distribution of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in 30 overweight women with a history of weight-cycling and age-matched controls (167 normal weight and 97 overweight subjects). Measurements of SAT were performed using an optical device, the Lipometer. The SAT topography describes the thicknesses of SAT layers at 15 anatomically well-defined body sites from neck to calf. The overweight women with a history of weight cycling had significantly thicker SAT layers on the upper body compared to the overweight controls, but even thinner SAT layers on their legs than the normal weight women. An android fat pattern was attributed to overweight females and, even more pronounced, to the weight cyclers. The majority of normal weight women showed a gynoid fat pattern. Using stepwise discriminant analysis, 89.0% of all weight cyclers and overweight controls could be classified correctly into the two groups. These findings show the importance of normal weight maintenance as a healthpromoting factor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body fat distribution of overweight females with a history of weight cycling

et al. 2004

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“…Several studies on abdominal fat in NW people have found relationships between abdominal fat levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or CVD risk factors in NW male subjects [2][3][4] and in some groups of NW female subjects, [5][6][7] but not in others. 8 However, abdominal fat has been suggested to have a greater role in CVD risk in obese female subjects than in obese male subjects. [9][10][11] Hence, some controversy exists regarding sex differences in the role of abdominal fat among NW people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the relationships of abdominal fat to cardiovascular disease risk among normal-weight white subjects

et al. 2003

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The objectives of this study are to investigate the relationships between abdominal fat and risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among normal-weight (NW) white subjects and to determine how these relationships differ by sex. NW adults (177 males and 258 females) and overweight adults (133 males and 111 females) from the Québec Family Study and the HERITAGE Family Study were retained for this study. Risk factors included systolic and diastolic blood pressures, low-density lipoprotein and highdensity lipoprotein cholesterols, triglycerides, and fasting glucose. Only in NW female adults, abdominal visceral fat (AVF) area assessed by computed tomography was significantly correlated with all risk factors, except for fasting glucose, even after age, study cohort, and fat mass were taken into account. NW female subjects with at least one risk factor had a significantly higher AVF than those without risk factors, although the difference was small. Thus, only NW female adults with more AVF tended to have a more adverse CVD risk factor profile. Keywords: normal-weight; abdominal visceral fat; abdominal subcutaneous fat; cardiovascular disease risk factor; sex differences IntroductionRuderman et al 1 proposed the concept of a 'metabolically obese, normal-weight' (NW) individual and suggested that central obesity (especially elevated abdominal visceral fat, AVF) may be responsible for this clinical profile. Several studies on abdominal fat in NW people have found relationships between abdominal fat levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or CVD risk factors in NW male subjects [2][3][4] and in some groups of NW female subjects, 5-7 but not in others. 8 However, abdominal fat has been suggested to have a greater role in CVD risk in obese female subjects than in obese male subjects. 9-11 Hence, some controversy exists regarding sex differences in the role of abdominal fat among NW people. The present study investigated the relationships between indicators of abdominal fat and CVD risk factors in NW individuals and whether there were sex differences in the relationships. Subjects and methodsSubjects were Whites, aged 17-60 years, from Phase 2 of the Québec Family Study (QFS) and from the baseline cohort of the HERITAGE Family Study. Detailed information about the subjects is available in prior publications. [12][13][14] The sample of the present study included NW subjects (177 males and 258 females) and overweight (OW) subjects (133 males and 111 females) using the cut-offs proposed by WHO 15 and NIH. 16 More details about the samples and the methods can be found in a recent paper. 14 Informed (2004) MethodsBody density was measured by the underwater weighing method in the post-absorptive state. Abdominal subcutaneous fat (ASF) and AVF levels were assessed as described elsewhere. 17 The CT scan was performed between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae (L4-L5) with subjects in a supine position and arms stretched above the head. Plasma cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting ...

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“…Adiposity is closely linked to important physiological parameters, such as blood pressure, systemic insulin sensitivity, and fasting triglyceride concentrations (1,2). Visceral fat seems more closely correlated with obesity-associated disorders than overall adiposity (3,4), and is well known to constitute an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction, stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and certain cancers (5,6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Val1483Ile in FASN Gene Is Linked to Central Obesity and Insulin Sensitivity in Adult White Men

Moreno-Navarrete¹,

Botas²,

Valdés³

et al. 2009

Obesity

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The Val1483Ile polymorphism in the human fatty acid synthase (FASN) gene is located within the interdomain region of the FASN close to the two dynamic active centers of the FASN enzyme and putatively affects FASN action. We aimed to evaluate the association of this polymorphism with obesity phenotypes, insulin sensitivity, and adipose tissue FASN activity in adult white subjects. The polymorphism was evaluated in association with metabolic variables in two independent studies: in a case–control study of 457 men (229 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 228 with altered glucose tolerance (AGT)); and in 600 population‐based NGT subjects (274 men and 326 women). Adipose tissue FASN activity was analyzed using the method of Nepokroeff. The Ile variant was associated with a lower waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) and a lower increase in weight over a 7‐year period in NGT men. In a subset of 147 men, carriers of the Ile variant showed significantly increased insulin sensitivity. BMI (P < 0.001), WHR (P = 0.03), and Val1483Ile (P = 0.03), contributed independently to 37% of insulin sensitivity variance. In men from the population‐based study, the Ile variant was associated with a lower BMI, WHR, fasting glucose, and systolic blood pressure compared with carriers of the Val variant. In agreement with these results, the adipose tissue FASN activity was significantly lower in subjects with the Ile variant (P = 0.01). In summary, adult white men with the Ile 1483 variant of the FASN gene seem protected from developing central obesity through decreased adipose tissue FASN activity.

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Body fat distribution and cardiovascular risk in normal weight women. Associations with insulin resistance, lipids and plasma leptin

Cited by 71 publications

References 39 publications

Body fat distribution of overweight females with a history of weight cycling

Body fat distribution of overweight females with a history of weight cycling

Sex differences in the relationships of abdominal fat to cardiovascular disease risk among normal-weight white subjects

Val1483Ile in FASN Gene Is Linked to Central Obesity and Insulin Sensitivity in Adult White Men

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