Body composition, tissue deposition, and lysine utilization for protein deposition of barrows and gilts fed crystalline or protein-bound lysine1

Colina, Janeth J; Miller, Philip S.; Lewis, A. J.; Fischer, Robert L.; Diedrichsen, R. M.

doi:10.2527/jas.2015-0190

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…A possible reason for these ndings is that at low CP level, PD is minimal and a large amount of energy is retained as fat; however, as dietary CP level increases, PD increases and the energy stored as fat decreases [52]. In addition, the observed changes in deposition rates of water and ash caused by CP level re ect the concomitant changes in PD rate, as previous studies have indicated that they are closely related [21,53]. Antibiotics tended to have greater deposition rates of body water and protein coincided with the tendency to have a higher ADG during the treatment period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Effects of Protein Supply on Growth Performance, Body Composition and Tissue Deposition for Piglets Fed Diets With or Without Antibiotics

Hou¹,

Wang²,

C³

et al. 2020

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Background: With increasing concerns about antibiotic-resistant bacteria that pose a threat to human and animal health, in-feed antibiotics have been banned since 2006 in Europe and 2020 in China. However, previous studies on crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) requirements of pigs were mostly based on the diets with antibiotics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of CP supply on growth performance, body composition and tissue deposition for piglets fed diets with or without antibiotics. Methods: A total of 250 newly weaned piglets were randomly assigned to 1 of 10 dietary treatments (5 replicate pens per treatment with 5 animals per pen) in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement with 5 CP levels (16, 18, 20, 22, 24 %) and 2 antibiotic supplementations (with or without antibiotics). Treatment diets were fed for 14 d to test treatment effects, and then a nursery diet (19% CP) without antibiotics was fed to all piglets until they had an average body weight of 25 kg to determine if carryover effects of treatment diets existed. An additional 5 piglets at the start were slaughtered to determine initial body composition. At the end of each period, 1 pig close to the average BW of each pen was slaughtered to determine body composition and tissue deposition.Results: Increasing dietary CP level linearly improved (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain:feed (G:F) during the treatment period, while antibiotics tended to improve ADG of piglets (P < 0.10). The ADG during the carryover period tended to be improved (P < 0.10) with the increase of dietary CP level, but there was no difference in ADG during the entire nursery period (P > 0.10). Neither CP level nor antibiotic supplementation affected (P > 0.10) the incidence of diarrhea in each period. With the increase of dietary CP level, weights of fasted body, empty body, eviscerated carcass, and organs at d 14 were linearly improved (P < 0.05). Neither CP level nor antibiotic supplementation had a significant effect on the physical body composition of pigs at the end of the nursery period (P > 0.05). Body protein content at d 14 linearly improved (P < 0.05) with increasing CP level, whereas body ash content, lipid:protein and ash:protein ratio linearly decreased (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary CP level resulted in a greater (P < 0.05) deposition rates of body water and protein during the treatment period, while antibiotics tended to increase (P < 0.10). There was no effect (P > 0.05) of CP level or antibiotic supplementation on the chemical body composition at the end of the nursery period. However, increasing CP level quadratically improved (P < 0.05) deposition rates of body water, protein and lipid during the carryover period as well as deposition rates of protein, lipid and ash during the entire nursery period. According to the model with the minimum AIC, the CP requirement based on ADG was 23.01 and 22.65%, and based on protein deposition (PD) was 24.00 and 23.29% for antibiotic-free diet and antibiotic diet, respectively. Conclusions: Increasing dietary CP level increased the growth performance and protein deposition of piglets during either the treatment period or the carryover period. The CP requirement for piglets with high health status fed antibiotic-free diet was slightly higher than those fed antibiotic diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Eviscerated carcass weight is empty BW minus organs weight. Deposition rates of body water, protein, lipid and ash were calculated as the difference between chemical composition at the end of and the beginning of each experimental period divided by the corresponding experimental days [21].…”

Section: Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Protein Supply on Growth Performance, Body Composition and Tissue Deposition for Piglets Fed Diets With or Without Antibiotics

Hou¹,

Wang²,

C³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The deposition of water, protein, lipid, and ash (g/d) in the piglets' body was calculated by dividing the difference in body composition content by the corresponding trial day. 17 The comparative slaughter test is used to study the effect of diet or feed on changes in body composition of livestock and poultry, so it has been utilized to evaluate the nutritional value of diet or feed, or to estimate the nutritional needs of livestock quantity. The comparative slaughter test method involves selecting a group of test animals, some of which are slaughtered at the beginning of the test, and their body composition is analyzed, and the rest of the animals are slaughtered when they are fed the test diet or feed for a period or when they reach a certain BW.…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of early sub‐therapeutic antibiotic administration on body tissue deposition, gut microbiota and metabolite profiles of weaned piglets

et al. 2022

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BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sub‐therapeutic antibiotic (STA) administration and its subsequent withdrawal on the body tissue deposition, gut microbiota, and metabolite profiles of piglets. The piglets in the experimental group were fed with STA (30 mg kg−1 bacitracin methylene disalicylate, 75 mg kg−1 chlortetracycline, 300 mg kg−1 calcium oxytetracycline) for 14 days and the target bodyweight of the withdrawal period was 25 kg. RESULTS The experiment was divided into two periods: the administration period and the withdrawal period. The results showed that STA did not improve piglets' growth performance during the two periods. Piglets treated with STA had lower body water deposition during the withdrawal period and tended to increase body lipid deposition during the withdrawal period and the whole period in comparison with the piglets in the control group. It was found that STA markedly altered the colonic microbiota and their metabolites in the piglets. Sub‐therapeutic antibiotics were initially effective in decreasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria during the administration period; however, STA could not continue the effect during the withdrawal period, leading to a rebound of pathogenic bacteria such as Alloprevotella and the increased abundance of other pathogenic bacteria like Oscillibacter. Remarkably, STA treatment decreased Blautia abundance. This bacterium plays a potential protective role against obesity. Metabolomic analysis indicated that STA mainly altered amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism during the two periods. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the gut microbiota was highly correlated with microbial metabolite changes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that early STA administration may alter body tissue deposition later in life by reshaping the gut microbiota and their metabolite profiles. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

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“…Body composition subsamples were analyzed according to AOAC [16] for water content determined using a convection oven at 105 ℃; crude protein content was calculated as total N content × 6.25 and total N content was determined in a Kjeltec analyzer (model 8400, FOSS Analytical AB, höganäs, Sweden); crude fat content were measured by automatic extractor analyzer (model XT 15i, Ankom Technology Co., Macedon, NY); ash content was determined in a mu e furnace at 550 ℃. The deposition of water, protein, lipid, and ash in the piglets' body was calculated by dividing the difference in body chemical composition between the end and beginning of each trial period by the corresponding trial day [17].…”

Section: Growth Performance and Body Composition Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Early Sub-Therapeutic Antibiotic Administration and its Subsequent Withdrawal on Body Composition, Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles in a Pig Model

Hou¹,

Cao²,

Qiu³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Antibiotic exposure in early life has shown to be a significant risk factor for later fat accumulation in human. However, whether early sub-therapeutic antibiotic (STA) exposure affects body composition and its mechanisms remains unclear. The present study used a combination of comparative slaughter method, microbiota, and metabolomics measurement to investigate the effects of early STA administration and its subsequent withdrawal on body composition, colonic microbiota and metabolite profiles in a pig model. The piglets were fed the same basal starter diet added with STA (STA) or without STA (CON) for two weeks during the administration period, and then all piglets were switched to the same nursery diet without STA during the withdrawal period until they reached approximately 25 kg body weight. Results: Results showed that STA did not significantly improve piglet growth performance during the administration period and the withdrawal period. Piglets treated with the STA had a lower body water deposition (g/d) during the withdrawal period, and tended to have increased body lipid deposition (g/d) during the withdrawal period and the whole period than CON group. It was found that STA was initially effective in decreasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria during the administration period, such as Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, Solobacterium, and Sutterella. However, they could not continue the effect during the withdrawal period, leading to the rebound of pathogenic bacteria such as Alloprevotella and the increase of the abundance of other pathogenic bacteria like Oscillibacter. Remarkably, STA treatment decreased the abundance of Blautia that play a potential protective role against obesity either during the administration period or the withdrawal period. Metabolomic analysis indicated that STA mainly altered amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism during the two periods. Furthermore, Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the gut microbiota was highly correlated with microbial metabolites changes. Conclusion: These results suggest that STA administration may alter tissue deposition through reshaping the gut microbiota and their metabolite profiles.

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Body composition, tissue deposition, and lysine utilization for protein deposition of barrows and gilts fed crystalline or protein-bound lysine1

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of Protein Supply on Growth Performance, Body Composition and Tissue Deposition for Piglets Fed Diets With or Without Antibiotics

Effects of Protein Supply on Growth Performance, Body Composition and Tissue Deposition for Piglets Fed Diets With or Without Antibiotics

Effects of early sub‐therapeutic antibiotic administration on body tissue deposition, gut microbiota and metabolite profiles of weaned piglets

Effects of Early Sub-Therapeutic Antibiotic Administration and its Subsequent Withdrawal on Body Composition, Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles in a Pig Model

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