Body composition-related functions: a problem-oriented approach to phenotyping

Müller, Manfred J.; Geisler, Corinna; Hübers, Mark; Pourhassan, Maryam; Bosy‐Westphal, Anja

doi:10.1038/s41430-018-0340-6

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Therefore, it is difficult to relate changes in 2compartment models to the functional properties of specific components of these compartments. To further understand the functional role of body composition in various states of energy balance, higher resolution body composition models should be used to estimate the fractional contribution of water and protein to FFML and estimate change in individual organ weights and mineral mass (46). Such models, longitudinally aligned with repeated measurements of appetite, EI or EE may allow cause-effect relationships between changes in body structure and components of energy balance that resist weight loss or promote weight regain to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between the proportion of fat-free mass loss during weight loss, changes in appetite, and subsequent weight change: results from a randomized 2-stage dietary intervention trial

Turicchi

O’Driscoll

Finlayson

et al. 2020

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background Dynamic changes in body composition which occur during weight loss may have an influential role on subsequent energy balance behaviors and weight. Objectives The aim of this article is to consider the effect of proportionate changes in body composition during weight loss on subsequent changes in appetite and weight outcomes at 26 wk in individuals engaged in a weight loss maintenance intervention. Methods A subgroup of the Diet, Obesity, and Genes (DiOGenes) study (n = 209) was recruited from 3 European countries. Participants underwent an 8-wk low-calorie diet (LCD) resulting in ≥8% body weight loss, during which changes in body composition (by DXA) and appetite (by visual analog scale appetite perceptions in response to a fixed test meal) were measured. Participants were randomly assigned into 5 weight loss maintenance diets based on protein and glycemic index content and followed up for 26 wk. We investigated associations between proportionate fat-free mass (FFM) loss (%FFML) during weight loss and 1) weight outcomes at 26 wk and 2) changes in appetite perceptions. Results During the LCD, participants lost a mean ± SD of 11.2 ± 3.5 kg, of which 30.4% was FFM. After adjustment, there was a tendency for %FFML to predict weight regain in the whole group (β: 0.041; 95% CI: −0.001, 0.08; P = 0.055), which was significant in men (β: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.15; P = 0.009) but not women (β: 0.01; 95% CI: −0.04, 0.07; P = 0.69). Associations between %FFML and change in appetite perceptions during weight loss were inconsistent. The strongest observations were in men for hunger (r = 0.69, P = 0.002) and desire to eat (r = 0.61, P = 0.009), with some tendencies in the whole group and no associations in women. Conclusions Our results suggest that composition of weight loss may have functional importance for energy balance regulation, with greater losses of FFM potentially being associated with increased weight regain and appetite. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00390637.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between the proportion of fat-free mass loss during weight loss, changes in appetite, and subsequent weight change: results from a randomized 2-stage dietary intervention trial

Turicchi

O’Driscoll

Finlayson

et al. 2020

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…Similarly, dividing adipose tissue into VAT and SAT compartments and distribution may give further information on disease risk and potentially energy balance regulation. For these reasons, defining functional body composition‐derived phenotypes using multicompartment models is becoming of increasing scientific interest, and longitudinal studies of weight change using advanced methods are required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, there has been considerable interest in the functional role of body composition in relation to energy intake behaviours and weight control . Initial work by Dulloo and colleagues suggested that both FM and FFM compartments play a crucial role in the autoregulation of weight and exert an integrated effect, driving post‐weight loss hyperphagia in lean men who have experienced semi‐starvation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between the rate, amount, and composition of weight loss as predictors of spontaneous weight regain in adults achieving clinically significant weight loss: A systematic review and meta‐regression

et al. 2019

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Weight regain following weight loss is common although little is known regarding the associations between amount, rate, and composition of weight loss and weight regain. Forty-three studies (52 groups; n = 2379) with longitudinal body composition measurements were identified in which weight loss (≥5%) and subsequent weight regain (≥2%) occurred. Data were synthesized for changes in weight and body composition. Meta-regression models were used to investigate associations between amount, rate, and composition of weight loss and weight regain. Individuals lost 10.9% of their body weight over 13 weeks composed of 19.6% fat-free mass, followed by a regain of 5.4% body weight over 44 weeks composed of 21.6% fatfree mass. Associations between the amount (P < 0.001) and rate (P = 0.049) of weight loss and their interaction (P = 0.042) with weight regain were observed. Fatfree mass (P = 0.017) and fat mass (P < 0.001) loss both predicted weight regain although the effect of fat-free mass was attenuated following adjustment. The amount (P < 0.001), but not the rate of weight loss (P = 0.150), was associated with fat-free mass loss. The amount and rate of weight loss were significant and interacting factors associated with weight regain. Loss of fat-free mass and fat mass explained greater variance in weight regain than weight loss alone. KEYWORDS body composition, fat mass, fat-free mass, weight loss, weight regain 1 | INTRODUCTION Over half of the UK population are currently considered overweight or obese, and it is estimated that around 55% of individuals worldwide will be affected by obesity by 2050. 1 At any one time, approximately 40% of adults report that they are engaged in attempts to control their weight. 2 While these attempts show initial success, relapse is common, 3 and less than 20% of those losing 10% of their weight maintain the loss for a year or more. 4 It is likely that several factors during weight loss influence subsequent weight regain, however, although commonly measured in clinical weight loss studies, the extent to which the rate, amount, and composition (eg, fat-mass [FM] and fat-free mass [FFM]) of weight loss are associated with weight regain remains unclear. Studies of weight loss with follow-up periods in which weight regain occurs may be used as a model to identify predictive factors associated with weight regain. Factors such as a rapid rates and large amounts of weight loss have previously been associated with weight

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“…Notably, a sub-group of the present authors is currently conducting an MRI study to determine the contribution of metabolic activity of specific organs as proportional drivers of EI. Also relevant to the theoretical position established here is the recently developed concept of functional body composition [39][40][41], which describes relationships among components of body composition and their physiological and metabolic actions. Accordingly, we propose that an appropriate next step in understanding the biological basis of the drive to eat is to extend the analysis if functional body composition into the realm of (eating/feeding) behaviour.…”

Section: Fat-free Mass and Resting Metabolic Rate Are Major Determinants Of Energy Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

The drive to eat in homo sapiens: Energy expenditure drives energy intake

Blundell

Gibbons

Beaulieu

et al. 2020

Physiology & Behavior

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Highlights: FFM and RMR can be considered as major determinants of energy intake in humans. EE generates a drive to eat to support vital physiological functions. Activity EE shows high individual variability and creates a more variable drive. Appetite control can be conceptualized within an energy balance framework. Tonic and episodic processes interact within an appetite control system.

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Body composition-related functions: a problem-oriented approach to phenotyping

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Associations between the proportion of fat-free mass loss during weight loss, changes in appetite, and subsequent weight change: results from a randomized 2-stage dietary intervention trial

Associations between the proportion of fat-free mass loss during weight loss, changes in appetite, and subsequent weight change: results from a randomized 2-stage dietary intervention trial

Associations between the rate, amount, and composition of weight loss as predictors of spontaneous weight regain in adults achieving clinically significant weight loss: A systematic review and meta‐regression

The drive to eat in homo sapiens: Energy expenditure drives energy intake

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