Body composition of English Premier League soccer players: Influence of playing position, international status, and ethnicity

Sutton, Laura; Scott, Mark; Wallace, Joanne; Reilly, Thomas

doi:10.1080/02640410903030305

Cited by 129 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The body fat content depends on inheritance: the non-Caucasian players demonstrated significantly lower percent body fat (9.2 ± 2.0%) than the Caucasian players (10.7% ± 1.8%) [9]. The body mass composition in soccer players depends on their specific role during the game (linemen, goal keepers, backs, forwards and midfielders, etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The body mass composition in soccer players depends on their specific role during the game (linemen, goal keepers, backs, forwards and midfielders, etc.) [6][7][8][9]. The midfielders have a significantly higher percentage of fat than backs or forwarders [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The body mass composition in soccer players (body fat in %, body fat mass in kg and fat free or lean body mass) depends on their specific role during the game: linemen, goal keepers, backs, forwards, midfielders etc. [6][7][8][9]. From the data from Wittich, et al [10], the fat content in the body of soccer players varies from 6.1% to 19.5%, and it depends on the position of the soccer player in the game: the midfielders have a significantly higher percentage of fat (13.5% ± 3.3%) than backs or forwarders (11.0% ± 2.3%).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Skeletal Muscles Hypertrophy and Overweight Distinction Method in Athletes

Pontaga¹

2013

JMSE-B

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Abstract:The aim of the investigation is to prove that an increased body mass index (BMI) in soccer players does not always give evidence about overweight or obesity, but may appear due to skeletal muscles hypertrophy, which does not influence the players' power characteristics. Twenty nine male high qualified soccer players participated voluntary in the investigation. The anthropometrical characteristics and the body mass composition are measured by the bioelectrical impedance analysis method using the Body Composition Analyzer. Vertical jumps heights are measured on special platform. The significant correlations are determined between the BMI and the lean body mass (LM) (r = 0.36, p < 0.05) and between the BMI and the body fat content in % (BF) (r = 0.54, p < 0.003) in the soccer players. This proves that high BMI can be caused by growth of the BF and by skeletal muscles hypertrophy. The vertical jumps height is not possible to predict from the value of the BMI. Additional lean body mass due to skeletal muscles hypertrophy does not influence vertical jumps height. Relationships between the BF and jumps height are significant negative linear (p < 0.013). This means that increase of the BF is a reason of the decrease of vertical jump height in soccer players.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Skeletal Muscles Hypertrophy and Overweight Distinction Method in Athletes

Pontaga¹

2013

JMSE-B

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“…These model values also correspond with values that are directly stated in professional studies of the volume of fat representation in the total body weight in elite soccer players. Authors of those studies, using BIA or DXA methods, state optimal BF representation in the range of 8-12%, in relation to the field position and season (Ostojic, Stojanovic, Jukic, Pasalic, & Jourkesh, 2009;Silvestre, West, Maresh, & Kraemer, 2006;Sutton, Scott, Wallace, & Reilly, 2009). If we consider the value of 12% to be the limit value for the optimal BF representation, then 11 players at the highest performance level (36.66%), 9 players at the middle performance level (30%) and only 2 players at the lowest performance level (6.66%) had optimal BF representation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As those parameters should have a significant effect with regard to the character of the executed performance (Arroyo, Gonzalez-de-Suso, Sanchez, Ansotegui, & Rocandio, 2008;Moreira, 2008;Rico-Sanz, 1998;Sutton, Scott, Wallace, & Reilly, 2009). With respect to the mentioned structure of the sporting performance and the results of the aforementioned studies dealing with the development of somatic parameters, the players at a higher performance level should have more suitable somatic prerequisites for performance and their somatic parameters should significantly differ from players at a lower performance level.…”

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confidence: 99%

Somatic parameters of 17 year old soccer players in the older youth category in relation to sports performance

Kutáč¹

2013

Acta Gymnica

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BACKGROUND: Somatic parameters are included not only in the general structure of sporting performance, but also in the structure of sporting performance in soccer. In light of this structure, higher performance players should have better somatic performance prerequisites, and their somatic parameters should differ from players with lower performance levels. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to assess the somatic parameters of players with different performance levels. METHODS: The research included 90 soccer players in the age of 17 years in three performance categories playing in the junior competition in the Czech Republic. Average age of the individual levels -highest performance 17.61 ± 0.48, middle performance 17.50 ± 0.50, lowest performance 17.50 ± 0.50 years. The following was monitored -basic anthropometric parameters (body weight, body height), somatotype (Heath-Carter), representation of body fat (BF), fat free mass (FFM) and the total body water (TBW). The Tanita 418 MA tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance (BIA) scale was used for the determination of the representation of BF and the TBW. All players were measured at the beginning of the competition period in the same year. All measurements were implemented in the morning hours by the same person with corresponding experience. RESULTS:The average values of somatic parameters measured in the individual performance categories show that we can only consider them to be an indicator of sporting performance up to a particular performance level. The boundary was the middle performance level (teams playing regional competition) as their mean values of the monitored somatic parameters significantly differed from the mean values of players at the lowest performance level (teams playing at the district and municipal levels) but they did not differ when compared with the mean values of the players at the highest performance level (teams playing the top junior league). CONCLUSIONS: From the middle performance level (regional competition), we do not consider the monitored body composition parameters as crucial in terms of individual playing performance.

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Low energy availability in male athletes: A systematic review of incidence, associations, and effects

2020

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The Female Athlete Triad has recently been suggested to be a threat to male athletes. This review aims to examine the evidence, and associated effects, of low energy availability (LEA) in male athletes. A comprehensive search of PubMed and SPORTDiscus was performed. Three RCT and seven CS studies were included that measured energy availability and included well-trained males. Clinical LEA (<30 kcal/kg LBM/d) or subclinical LEA (36 ± 6 kcal/kg LBM/d) was evident within all CS studies, documenting 25% of middle-and long-distance runners and racewalkers and 70% of cyclists with LEA. Two out of three RCTs and three out of seven CS studies reported disrupted endocrine functioning, particularly reduced testosterone levels, in association with LEA. One CS study reported that up to 40% of cyclists with LEA had low BMD. One CS study assessed metabolic health, reporting those with suppressed levels spent more time in a severe energy deficit. This review highlights that LEA appears prevalent across male athletic populations, in particular endurance and weight class athletes, and is a potentially serious threat to bone, endocrine, and metabolic health. Future larger scale longitudinal studies, using appropriate study designs, should be undertaken to confirm these threats. K E Y W O R D Sbone health, endocrine function, energy availability, exercise physiology, metabolic health, sports nutrition

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Body composition of English Premier League soccer players: Influence of playing position, international status, and ethnicity

Cited by 129 publications

References 16 publications

Skeletal Muscles Hypertrophy and Overweight Distinction Method in Athletes

Skeletal Muscles Hypertrophy and Overweight Distinction Method in Athletes

Somatic parameters of 17 year old soccer players in the older youth category in relation to sports performance

Low energy availability in male athletes: A systematic review of incidence, associations, and effects

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