Body-composition measurement in 9–11-y-old children by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, skinfold-thickness measurements, and bioimpedance analysis

Gutin, Bernard; Litaker, Mark S.; Islam, Shaheen; Manos, Tina M.; Smith, Clayton; Treiber, Frank A.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/63.3.287

Cited by 225 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The validity of DXA has been established by comparison with chemical analysis in animals 48 and that its reliability is illustrated by a 0.99 intraclass correlation coefficient for the assessment of the percentage of body fat in children. 49 This may be the reason why differences between groups in BMI did not reach statistical significance, while the differences in % BF and FM were statistically significant. Since there was a close relationship between the percentage of body fat and BMI, BMI can be used as indicative of the level of adiposity in prepubertal boys.…”

Section: Bmi and Adiposity In Prepubertal Childrenmentioning

confidence: 96%

Regular participation in sports is associated with enhanced physical fitness and lower fat mass in prepubertal boys

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of physical activity on whole body fat (BF), its regional deposition and the influence of body fatness on physical performance in prepubertal children. DESSIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: A total of 114 boys (9.471.5 y, Tanner I-II), randomly sampled from the population of Gran Canaria (Spain), 63 of them physically active (PA, at least 3 h per week during the previous year) and 51 nonphysically active (non-PA). MEASUREMENTS: Body composition (DXA), anthropometric variables (body circumferences and skinfolds) and physical fitness were determined in all subjects. RESULTS: The PA obtained better results in maximal oxygen uptake, isometric leg extension force, vertical jump (muscular power), and 300 m (anaerobic capacity) and 30 m running tests (speed) than the non-PA. A lower percentage of body fat (% BF) (4 U less, Po0.05), whole BF mass (36% less, Po0.05) and regional fat mass (28, 25, and 30% less in the trunk, legs and arms, respectively, all Po0.05) was observed in the PA compared to the non-PA. The waist and hip circumferences correlated more closely with both the fat mass accumulated in the trunk region and the % BF (r ¼ 0.81-0.95, Po0.001) than the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The WHR correlated with the percentage of the whole fat mass accumulated in the trunk (PFT) (r ¼ 0.52-0.53, Po0.001). In both groups, the PFT increased curvilinearly with the % BF, regardless of the level of physical activity. ANCOVA analysis revealed that total and regional fat masses explained less than 40% of the difference in performance between the PA and non-PA group. The mean speed in the 30 m running test (V 30 ), combined with the height and whole body mass, has predictive value for the BF mass (R ¼ 0.98, Po0.001). The % BF may be estimated from the body mass index (BMI) and V 30 (% BF ¼ 8.09 þ 2.44 Á BMI (kg m À2 )-5.8 Á V 30 (m s À1 ), R ¼ 0.94, Po0.001) in prepubertal boys. CONCLUSIONS: Regular participation in at least 3 h per week of sports activities and competitions on top of the compulsory physical education program is associated with increased physical fitness, lower whole body and trunkal fat mass in prepubertal boys.

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Section: Bmi and Adiposity In Prepubertal Childrenmentioning

confidence: 96%

Regular participation in sports is associated with enhanced physical fitness and lower fat mass in prepubertal boys

et al. 2004

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“…%bF was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; Hologic QDR-4500W, Waltham, MA). 18,19 CRF was assessed by heart rate (HR) at the completion of the yMCA submaximal bench-stepping test, 20 which was chosen over the PACeR 21 due to its sensitivity to CRFrelated changes in heart rate and ease of implementation in a mobile laboratory. We also measured height, weight, waist circumference (WC), nonfasting total cholesterol (tC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and resting blood pressure (bP) as secondary outcomes.…”

Section: Study Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of a 3-Year After-School Obesity Prevention Program in Elementary School Children

et al. 2012

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Background: Children tend to be sedentary during the after-school hours, and this has deleterious effects on their health. the objective of the present study was to determine the effects of a 3-year after-school physical activity (PA) program, without restriction of dietary energy intake, on percent body fat (%bF), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and cardiometabolic markers in children.Methods: A cluster randomization design was employed. A total of 574 3 rd grade children from 18 elementary schools in the southeastern United states participated. the intervention consisted of 80 minutes of age-appropriate moderate-to-vigorous PA each school day. the main outcomes of interest were %bF measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; CRF measured by heart rate in response to a submaximal step test; nonfasting total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); and resting blood pressure (bP).Results: intent-to-treat analyses showed significant treatment by time interactions for %bF (p = 0.009) and CRF (p = 0.0003). the change pattern of the means suggested that %bF and CRF in intervention children improved relative to control children during the school months, rebounding to the levels of control children over the summers following years 1 and 2. year-by-year analyses of what occurred during the months when the program was offered revealed dose-response relations for %bF and CRF, such that the clearest beneficial effects were seen for those youth who attended at least 60% of the after-school sessions. No significant intervention effects were seen for cholesterol or bP.Conclusions: An after-school PA program was effective in reducing adiposity and improving CRF, especially in the children who attended the sessions at least 3 days/week. However, the favorable effects on %bF and CRF were lost over the summer. thus, it is critical to incorporate strategies that attract and retain the children to receive an adequate dose of PA year-round.

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“…The level of adiposity was assessed by the skinfold technique, which has been shown to correlate highly with DEXA measured body fat percentage in similarly aged children. 16 Harpenden callipers were used to measure skinfold thicknesses at the positions of the m.triceps brachii, m.biceps brachii, subscapularly, and superior to the spina iliaca anterior superior. Measurements were performed on the left side of the body with the child standing.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objectively measured physical activity correlates with indices of insulin resistance in Danish children.

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE:To explore the association between measures of insulin resistance with objectively assessed physical activity. DESIGN: School-based, cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: A randomly selected sample of 589 children (310 girls, 279 boys, mean (standard deviations, s.d.) age ¼ 9.7 (0.44) y, weight ¼ 33.6 (6.4) kg, height ¼ 1.39 (0.06) m) from Denmark. METHODS: Fasting blood samples were analysed for serum insulin and glucose. Physical activity was measured with the uniaxial Computer Science and Applications (CSA) model 7164 accelerometer, worn for at least 3 days (Z10 h day À1 ). Adiposity was assessed by the sum of four skinfolds. Multiple linear regression were performed to model insulin and glucose from average CSA output, adjusted for age, gender, puberty, ethnicity, birth weight, parental smoking, socioeconomic group, and CSA unit. In addition, we adjusted for skinfold thickness. RESULTS: Mean fasting serum glucose ranged from 4.1 to 6.5 mmol l À1 with a mean (s.d.) of 5.1 (0.37) mmol l À1 . Fasting insulin was negatively correlated with CSA output on levels of adjustment. Fasting glucose was not significantly associated with physical activity. However, in girls both indices of insulin resistance were significantly related to activity, whereas in boys none of the associations were significant. CONCLUSION: Physical activity is inversely associated with fasting insulin in the nondiabetic range of fasting glucose. The relationship was stronger for insulin than for glucose, indicating compensatory action by the b cells. Our data emphasise the importance of physical activity in children for the maintenance of metabolic control.

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Body-composition measurement in 9–11-y-old children by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, skinfold-thickness measurements, and bioimpedance analysis

Cited by 225 publications

References 17 publications

Regular participation in sports is associated with enhanced physical fitness and lower fat mass in prepubertal boys

Regular participation in sports is associated with enhanced physical fitness and lower fat mass in prepubertal boys

The Impact of a 3-Year After-School Obesity Prevention Program in Elementary School Children

Objectively measured physical activity correlates with indices of insulin resistance in Danish children.

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