Body Composition, Lipid Profile, Adipokine Concentration, and Antioxidant Capacity Changes during Interventions to Treat Overweight with Exercise Programme and Whole-Body Cryostimulation

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of six-month-long physical exercise programme with a two-time exposure to whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) in 20 sessions on antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid profile, and body composition changes in obese people (30 adult subjects; BMI = 30.39 ± 4.31 kg/m2). Blood samples were taken before the programme, one month following the exercise programme, before and after the first WBC treatment, six months following the exercise programme, after the second WBC treatment, and finally one month after the intervention. Six months of moderate aerobic activity combined with WBC did not change body mass or fat and lean body mass percentages, or circulating adiponectin, leptin, and resistin concentrations. In response to intervention a significant decrease in the level of low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides was observed, with a slight increase in high-density lipoprotein concentration. The nature of changes in the activity of respective antioxidant enzymes was not identical. After one month of increased physical activity, a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities was observed (13%, 8%, and 70%, resp.). The SOD activity increased significantly after successive whole-body cryostimulation sessions. As regards catalase, a significant progressive decrease in its activity was observed.

The emerging role of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism as a biological target and cellular regulator of cancer-induced muscle wasting

“…Increasing energy expenditure might seem counterintuitive for preventing wasting disease; however, physical activity is often associated with an increase in lean body mass [228] . Additionally, a convincing body of research has demonstrated that the health benefits of regular physical activity extend far beyond energy expenditure [229] .…”

The Effect of 12-week-long Nordic Walking Exercise on Body Composition, Changes in Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism Indices, Concentration of Selected Adipokines and Calcidiol in Healthy Middle-aged Women

“…Various studies have confirmed the effectiveness of regular physical activity in the fight against overweight and obesity in older people. However, the effectiveness of physical workouts being carried out depends largely on the exercise structure, duration and its intensity (Song et al, 2013, Lubkowska et al, 2015a, as well as -as shown by the most recent studies -on an adequate body level of vitamin D (Polly, Tan, 2014).…”

“…In the literature, there is a number of reports that confirm the positive effect of NW exercise on human health (Tschentscher, Niederseer, Niebauer, 2013). However, the mechanism of the beneficial effect of physical exercise, its intensity and duration on fat and carbohydrate metabolism and changes in adipokine concentration is still the subject of many studies (Hagner, Hagner-Derengowska, Wiacek, Zubrzycki, 2009;Song, Yoo, Choi, Kim, 2013, Lubkowska, Dudzińska, Bryczkowska, Dołęgowska, 2015a. The selection of physical activity intensity, frequency and type, which would optimally affect the above changes, is also discussed.…”

Differential scanning calorimetry reveals that whole-body cryostimulation in cross-country skiers can modify their response to physical effort

“…The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of WBC are the most searched for by athletes and patients. Recent studies have confirmed these and other beneficial effects of extremely low temperatures in athletes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”