Body composition in the Study of Women Entering and in Endocrine Transition (SWEET): A perspective of African women who have a high prevalence of obesity and HIV infection

Jaff, Nicole; Norris, Shane A.; Snyman, Tracy; Toman, M; Crowther, Nigel J.

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.05.009

Cited by 34 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The protocol for the collection of fasting blood samples, subsequent aliquoting, and storage of serum and plasma samples have been detailed previously [11]. The ADVIA Centaur XP Immunoassay System (Siemens Diagnostics, Tarrytown, USA) was used to perform immunoassays for fasting insulin, and the total CV range for the fasting insulin immunoassay was 4.8 to 5.9%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and Body Composition Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in a Cohort of Women with a High Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Disease

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe aetiology of the metabolic syndrome and the inter-relationship between risk factors for this syndrome are poorly understood. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the risk factors for metabolic syndrome and their interactions in a cohort of women with a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome.Materials and MethodsAbdominal and whole body composition (ultrasound and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), blood pressure, and cardiometabolic and demographic factors were measured in a cross-sectional study of 702 black African women from Soweto, Johannesburg. Data was analysed using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsMetabolic syndrome was present in 49.6% of the study cohort. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that adiponectin (odds ratio [95% CIs]: 0.84 [0.77, 0.92], p<0.0005) and abdominal subcutaneous fat (0.56 [0.39, 0.79], p = 0.001) reduced metabolic syndrome risk whilst insulin resistance (1.31 [1.16, 1.48], p<0.0005) and trunk fat-free soft-tissue mass (1.34 [1.10, 1.61], p = 0.002) increased risk. Within this group of risk factors, the relationship of adiponectin with metabolic syndrome risk, when analysed across adiponectin hexiles, was the least affected by adjustment for the other risk factors.ConclusionsAdiponectin has a significant protective role against metabolic syndrome and is independent of other risk factors. The protective and possible augmentive effects of abdominal subcutaneous fat and lean trunk mass, respectively on metabolic syndrome risk demonstrate the existence of novel interactions between body composition and cardiometabolic disease.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and Body Composition Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in a Cohort of Women with a High Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Disease

et al. 2016

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“…This may be explained by physiological changes occurring with age in men, including decreasing testosterone levels which have previously been shown to be associated with increased body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, and waist-to-hip ratio [21]. In women, changes in sex hormones during the menopausal transition, and a resultant increase in BMI, have been well described [22]; however, there was no difference in BMI between women at different stages of the menopausal transition in previously published data on a subgroup of this cohort [23] and this study did not find a significant association between either menopausal stage or age, and BMI. This may be due to changes in body composition including a decrease in muscle and bone mass, and an increase in fat mass, resulting in no significant change in overall body weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Demographic, socio-economic and behavioural correlates of BMI in middle-aged black men and women from urban Johannesburg, South Africa

Micklesfield

Kagura

Munthali

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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Background: There is a high and increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in South Africans of all ages. Risk factors associated with overweight and obesity must be identified to provide targets for intervention. Objective: To identify the demographic, socio-economic and behavioural factors associated with body mass index (BMI) in middle-aged black South African men and women. Methods: Data on demographic and socio-economic factors were collected via questionnaire on 1027 men and 1008 women from Soweto Johannesburg, South Africa. Weight and height were measured and BMI was determined. Behavioural factors included tobacco use and consumption of alcohol, and physical activity data were collected using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Menopausal status was determined for the women, and HIV status was available for 93.6% of the men and 39.9% of the women. Results: Significantly more women were overweight or obese than men (87.9 vs. 44.9%). Smoking prevalence (current or former) and minutes spent in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity was significantly different between the sexes (both p < 0.0001). In the final hierarchical model, marital status (+ married/cohabiting), household asset score (+), current smoking (-), moderate to vigorous physical activity (-) and HIV status (- HIV infected) significantly contributed to 26% of the variance in BMI in the men. In the women, home language (Tswana-speaking compared to Zulu-speaking), marital status (+ unmarried/cohabiting), education (-), current smoking (-) and HIV status (- HIV infected) significantly contributed to 14% of the variance in BMI. Conclusions: The sex difference in BMI and the prevalence of overweight and obesity between black South African men and women from Soweto, as well as the sex-specific associations with various demographic, socio-economic and behavioural factors, highlight the need for more tailored interventions to slow down the obesity epidemic.

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“…92 The association of snuff with cardiometabolic diseases seems to be unclear, even though its consumption is associated with increased fat deposition in the visceral adipose depot of African women. 46 A study conducted in Sweden has shown a relationship between smokeless tobacco and MetS, 93 but this needs to be confirmed in the African context.…”

Section: Smoking and Alcohol Intakementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Some data show a positive association of SES asset index with body fat mass, 45 while in other studies, an inverse association with waist circumference and visceral fat was observed. 46 Increasing wealth is associated with elevated blood pressure and obesity. 47 However in a recent study on the etiology of MetS in mid-life urban South African females, no socioeconomic factors (education and employment) were associated with MetS risk.…”

Section: Metabolic Syndrome In South Africa -Gradidge and Crowthermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…100 In comparison, a South African cross-sectional study has shown that menopause was not associated with MetS or with any significant change in BMI, but was linked to a fall in lean mass and bone mineral density. 46 The latter study notably used the more robust STRAW +10 criteria to define the menopause transition in African women.…”

Section: Sleep and The Menopause Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: Metabolic Syndrome in Black South African Women

Gradidge

Crowther

2017

Ethn Dis

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The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing in African populations, and is particularly high in Black South African women (42%) vs women in the United Kingdom (23%) and the United States of America (36%). This population group is also known to have the highest prevalence of obesity in the sub-Saharan African region (42%), and consequently, a high risk of non-communicable diseases. In this article, we discuss factors (abdominal subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, lean mass, adiponectin, leptin, vitamin D, smoking and menopausal status) that have been investigated for their possible association with metabolic syndrome in African women, and discuss some recommendations for management of the syndrome. In particular, the infrastructural development of HIV/AIDS clinics in South Africa provides an ideal integrated platform to cater to the treatment needs of patients with multiple chronic morbidities. Ethn Dis. 2017(27):189-200; doi:10.18865/ed.27.2.189

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Body composition in the Study of Women Entering and in Endocrine Transition (SWEET): A perspective of African women who have a high prevalence of obesity and HIV infection

Cited by 34 publications

References 57 publications

Metabolic and Body Composition Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in a Cohort of Women with a High Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Disease

Metabolic and Body Composition Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in a Cohort of Women with a High Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Disease

Demographic, socio-economic and behavioural correlates of BMI in middle-aged black men and women from urban Johannesburg, South Africa

Review: Metabolic Syndrome in Black South African Women

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