Body Composition in Preterm Infants Who Are Fed Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Groh-Wargo, Sharon; Jacobs, Joan R.; Auestad, Nancy; O'Connor, Deborah L; Moore, John J.; Lerner, Edith

doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000156509.29310.55

Cited by 74 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…48 One recent study evaluated the growth and body composition of premature infants who were fed formulas supplemented or not with 0.42% ARA and 0.26 % DHA. 49 Interestingly, at 12 months of age, infants fed the LC-PUFA supplemented formula had similar body weight, length and head circumference, but significantly less fat mass and greater lean body mass, than infants who were fed the nonsupplemented control formula.…”

Section: Dietary Fat and Childhood Obesity K Macé Et Almentioning

confidence: 91%

Dietary fat and fat types as early determinants of childhood obesity: a reappraisal

et al. 2006

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Background: The growing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has renewed interest in determining the influence of the maternal and infant diet on the risk of developing excess fat mass later in life. Approach: Review of available human and animal data reporting the effects of dietary fat and fat types early in life on adipose development. Results: Rodent studies tend to show that maternal high-fat feeding during pregnancy and lactation results in increased adiposity of the offspring. Nevertheless, today there is a lack of population-based studies investigating this potential detrimental effect of maternal high-fat intake. Most epidemiological studies, performed so far, do not find any association between the level of dietary fat intake of infants and children and body weight and/or fatness. Regarding fat types exposure to high levels of dietary n-6 fatty acids during gestation and post-natal life, has been shown to promote obesity in mice. Nevertheless, other rodent studies do not demonstrate such an effect. Conclusion: There is no evidence supporting a restriction of fat intake during the first two post-natal years but the potential detrimental effects of maternal high-fat intake during gestation should be further investigated. The role of dietary fat types as early determinants of childhood obesity has so far been poorly studied. Robust evidence to support the adipogenic effects of n-6 fatty acids enriched-diets is currently lacking but this hypothesis is of importance and should be further evaluated in different animal models as well as in longitudinal human studies.

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Section: Dietary Fat and Childhood Obesity K Macé Et Almentioning

confidence: 91%

Dietary fat and fat types as early determinants of childhood obesity: a reappraisal

et al. 2006

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“…Eighteen of these studies were RCTs. [11][12][13][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Among nonrandomized studies, 4 were interventional studies with a control group [30][31][32][33] and the remaining 2 studies 8,34 did not test an intervention because they examined the association of BPD with LCPUFA concentrations in blood or in tracheal aspirates. Fifteen RCTs presented dichotomous outcomes.…”

Section: Overview Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies examined .1 neonatal outcome at a time (Table 1). Only a few studies reported other relevant neonatal outcomes, such as number of days of ventilation, or the use or duration of supplementation oxygen, 13,20,22,27,28 patent ductus arteriosus, 12,20,23,[30][31][32] cholestasis, 31,32 or number of days of hospital admission. 8,11,13,18,31,32 Effect Estimates for Dichotomous Neonatal Outcomes…”

Section: Characteristics Of Exposure and Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Extremely Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review

et al. 2014

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) exposure can be associated with reduced neonatal morbidities. We systematically review the evidence for the benefits of omega-3 LCPUFAs for reducing neonatal morbidities in extremely preterm infants.METHODS: Data sources were PubMed, Embase, Center for Reviews and Dissemination, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. Original studies were selected that included infants born at ,29 weeks' gestation, those published until May 2013, and those that evaluated the relationship between omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation and major adverse neonatal outcomes. Data were extracted on study design and outcome. Effect estimates were pooled. RESULTS:Of the 1876 studies identified, 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 6 observational studies met the defined criteria. No RCT specifically targeted a population of extremely preterm infants. Based on RCTs, omega-3 LCPUFA was not associated with a decreased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in infants overall (pooled risk ratio [RR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82-1.13], 12 studies, n = 2809 infants); however, when considering RCTs that include only infants born at #32 weeks' gestation, a trend toward a reduction in the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (pooled RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.74-1.05, 7 studies, n = 1156 infants) and a reduction in the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (pooled RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.23-1.10, 5 studies, n = 900 infants) was observed with LCPUFA.CONCLUSIONS: Large-scale interventional studies are required to determine the clinical benefits of omega-3 LCPUFA, specifically in extremely preterm infants, during the neonatal period. Dr Marc conceptualized and designed the protocol, screened the titles and abstracts, and retrieved articles for inclusion and quality, performed the analyses, drafted the initial manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted; Ms Zhang critically reviewed the protocol, screened the titles and abstracts and retrieved articles for inclusion and quality, drafted the tables and figures, and reviewed the final manuscript as submitted; Dr Lavoie screened the articles for quality, revised the manuscript, participated in the redaction of the final manuscript, and reviewed the final manuscript as submitted; Dr Rhainds designed and conducted the systematic database search, reviewed the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted; and Dr Lacaze-Masmonteil reviewed the manuscript and approved the final manuscript as submitted.www.pediatrics.org/cgi

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“…[24][25][26][27][28] Clandinin et al 28 and Groh-Wargo et al 29 have added to the growth literature by demonstrating that growth was not only improved with algal and fungal oils 28 in preterm infants, but also that DHA and ARA supplemented formulas fed to infants up to 1 year of age led to increased lean body mass and reduced fat mass by 1 year of age. 29 In addition, the improved growth was also accompanied by improved Bayley mental and psychomotor development at 118 weeks postmenstual age versus controls. 28 Dietary NT NT have been added to formulas for term infants in the US since the mid-1980s, and to formulas for preterm infants since 2002.…”

Section: Lcpufa Supplementation In Preterm Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controversies in neonatal nutrition: docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and nucleotides

Adamkin

2007

J Perinatol

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The breast-fed infant is the gold standard for infant formula research and development. The addition of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and nucleotides to formula are intended to promote visual, neuro and immune development. Studies in both preterm and term infants have not consistently demonstrated efficacy with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation of infant formulas. Explanations for why these supplemented formulas do not always produce visual or neurodevelopmental advantages, include a small individual effect or that only a proportion of infants will benefit or the presence of confounding variables. The efficacy of nucleotides has been studied by analyzing response to vaccination in infants fed human milk versus formulas with or without additional nucleotides. Nucleotide supplemented formulas appear to enhance immune response similar to breast-fed infants with immunization. Humanizing formula with safe and well-studied nutrients may provide benefits that are discovered long after initial trials are concluded.

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Body Composition in Preterm Infants Who Are Fed Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Cited by 74 publications

References 49 publications

Dietary fat and fat types as early determinants of childhood obesity: a reappraisal

Dietary fat and fat types as early determinants of childhood obesity: a reappraisal

Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Extremely Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review

Controversies in neonatal nutrition: docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and nucleotides

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