Body Composition and a School Day Hydration State among Polish Children—A Cross-Sectional Study

Kozioł-Kozakowska, Agnieszka; Piórecka, Beata; Suder, Agnieszka; Jagielski, Paweł

doi:10.3390/ijerph17197181

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…We observed differences in the Z-score of body weight, Z-score of BMI, and WC between the euhydrated and the dehydrated group. These finding validates a previous study that children with excess body fat have a higher risk of dehydration [31]. Children with dehydration have higher BMI Z-scores and have higher water requirements because water requirements are related to a higher metabolic rate, body surface area, and body weight.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Dehydration Status Aggravates Early Renal Impairment in Children: A Longitudinal Study

Amaerjiang

Xiao

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Dehydration is common in children for physiological and behavioral reasons. The objective of this study was to assess changes in hydration status and renal impairment across school weekdays. We conducted a longitudinal study of three repeated measures of urinalysis within one week in November 2019 in a child cohort in Beijing, China. We measured urine specific gravity (USG) to determine the dehydration status, and the concentration of β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and microalbumin (MA) to assess renal function impairment among 1885 children with a mean age of 7.7 years old. The prevalence of dehydration was 61.9%, which was significantly higher in boys (64.3%). Using chi-square tests and linear mixed-effects regression models, we documented the trends of the renal indicators’ change over time among different hydration statuses. Compared to Mondays, there were apparent increases of β2-MG concentrations on Wednesdays (β = 0.029, p < 0.001) and Fridays (β = 0.035, p < 0.001) in the dehydrated group, but not in the euhydrated group. As for the MA concentrations, only the decrease on Fridays (β = −1.822, p = 0.01) was significant in the euhydrated group. An increased trend of elevated β2-MG concentration was shown in both the euhydrated group (Z = −3.33, p < 0.001) and the dehydrated group (Z = −8.82, p < 0.001). By contrast, there was a decreased trend of elevated MA concentrations in the euhydrated group (Z = 3.59, p < 0.001) but not in the dehydrated group. A new indicator ratio, β2-MG/MA, validated the consistent trends of renal function impairment in children with dehydration. Renal impairment trends worsened as a function of school days during the week and the dehydration status aggravated renal impairment during childhood across school weekdays, especially tubular abnormalities in children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Dehydration Status Aggravates Early Renal Impairment in Children: A Longitudinal Study

Amaerjiang

Xiao

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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“…Studies have shown that body composition is associated with health [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Studies have demonstrated that TBW and ICW are strongly correlated with muscle mass in elderly people, and those with higher ICW had a better functional performance and a lower frailty risk [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Water Restriction and Water Replenishment on the Content of Body Water with Bioelectrical Impedance among Young Adults in Baoding, China: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Zhang

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Insufficient water intake may affect body composition. The purpose of this research was to explore the effects of water restriction and replenishment on body composition and to evaluate the optimum amount of water that improves body composition. A total of 76 young adults aged 18–23 years old (40 males and 36 females) in Baoding, China, were recruited in this randomized controlled trial, with a 100% completion rate. After fasting overnight for 12 h, at 8:00 a.m. of day 2, a baseline test, including anthropometric indices and collection of urine and blood samples, was explored. Participants were then subjected to water restriction for 24 h, and three meals with ≤75% water content were provided. At 8:00 AM of day 3, the same indices were determined as a dehydration test. Then, participants were randomly assigned into four groups: three water replenishment groups (WR groups 1, 2, and 3 given 1000, 500, and 200 mL of purified water, respectively) and one non-replenishment group (NR group, with no water). After 90 min, the same measurements were performed as a rehydration test. Compared with the baseline test, during the dehydration test, the intracellular water to total body water ratio (ICW/TBW) increased; and extracellular water (ECW), ECW/TBW (extracellular water to total body water ratio), and TBW decreased (all p < 0.05). For males, significant differences were found in ECW, ECW/ICW (extracellular water to intracellular water ratio), ICW/TBW, and ECW/TBW (all p < 0.05); for females, significant reductions were found in ICW, ECW, TBW, ECW/ICW, ICW/TBW, and ECW/TBW (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, significant differences were found in ICW, ECW, ICW/TBW, ECW/TBW, ECW/ICW, TBW, and TBW/BW between males and females during the baseline and dehydration test (all p < 0.05). Comparing the dehydration test with the rehydration test, there were significant interactions between time × volume in ICW and TBW (F = 3.002, p = 0.036; F = 2.907, p = 0.040); in males, these were only found in ICW (F = 3.061, p = 0.040); in females, they were found in ICW and TBW (F = 3.002, p = 0.036; F = 2.907, p = 0.040). The ICW levels in WR groups 1 and 2 were all higher than in the NR group (all p < 0.05); the TBW was higher in WR group 1 than in the NR group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between WR groups 1 and 2, either in males or in females (all p > 0.05). In the rehydration test, significant differences in body composition were found between males and females among the four groups (all p < 0.05). Water restriction had adverse effects on body composition, and females were more susceptible to water restriction than males. Water replenishment improved the water content of body composition, alleviating the adverse effects of water restriction on ICW and TBW. After water restriction for 36 h, the optimum volume of water to improve body composition among young male adults was 1000 mL, but this was not the case for females.

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“…Although currently consumption of water in plastic bottles in Poland is below the European Union’s average [ 66 ] from the environmental point of view it is important to teach children to limit consumption of all food and beverages packed in plastic. In 2014, about 98% of the population had access to water from municipal water supplies with a quality in accordance with the requirements specified in the decision of the Minister of Health on potable water quality [ 67 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Food Choices and Engagement in Raising Children’s Awareness of Sustainable Behaviors in Urban Poland

Halicka

Kaczorowska

Rejman

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Promoting sustainable food consumption patterns and understanding factors driving environmentally-friendly food choices is one of the challenges of public health nutrition policies in the 2020s and crucial for the future wellbeing of humans, food systems and the planet as a whole. To assess the impact of sustainability issues on the behaviors of parents living with young school-aged children in Poland a CAWI survey of 1035 adults in urban areas was conducted. A clustering procedure revealed that two of the identified clusters (73% of the sample) rated sustainability factors as important when purchasing food for children but only one of these clusters (29% of the sample) was actively engaged in raising their child’s awareness about sustainable behaviors. The third cluster (27% of the sample) had no intentions to teach their children about food sustainability because of lack of time or distrust in these topics. More than 80% of the sample agreed that parents share a responsibility in teaching children about the links between food, health and environment. Principles of healthy and sustainable diets should be incorporated into public health programmes to empower family members to engage in raising their children’s awareness and adopt more healthy and environmentally-friendly food consumption practices.

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Body Composition and a School Day Hydration State among Polish Children—A Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Dehydration Status Aggravates Early Renal Impairment in Children: A Longitudinal Study

Dehydration Status Aggravates Early Renal Impairment in Children: A Longitudinal Study

Effects of Water Restriction and Water Replenishment on the Content of Body Water with Bioelectrical Impedance among Young Adults in Baoding, China: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

Parental Food Choices and Engagement in Raising Children’s Awareness of Sustainable Behaviors in Urban Poland

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