Body Change Illusion Questionnaire

Normand, Jean‐Marie; Giannopoulos, Elias; Spanlang, Bernhard; Slater, Mel

doi:10.1037/t28467-000

Cited by 10 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Embodiment in a virtual environment arouses the interest of communities of researchers studying different media including video games (Taylor, 2002) and virtual reality (Normand et al, 2011;Kilteni et al, 2012a;Spanlang et al, 2014). As part of our reflection, we will adopt the working definition proposed by Kilteni et al (2012a):…”

Section: Embodimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, multisensory integration appears as a critical factor allowing the emergence of the sense of embodiment in immersive environments to embody avatars with different morphological and demographic characteristics Banakou et al, 2013;Kilteni et al, 2013;Peck et al, 2013). Here, bottom-up factors like visuotactile (Slater et al, 2009;Normand et al, 2011;Maselli and Slater, 2013;Kokkinara and Slater, 2014) and visuomotor synchrony Kokkinara and Slater, 2014) are critical contributors to induce a sense of ownership toward a virtual body.…”

Section: Embodimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Robot to Virtual Doppelganger: Impact of Visual Fidelity of Avatars Controlled in Third-Person Perspective on Embodiment and Behavior in Immersive Virtual Environments

et al. 2019

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This study presents the second phase of a series of experiments investigating the impact of avatar visual fidelity on the sense of embodiment and users' behavior in immersive virtual environments. Our main focus concerns the similarity between users and avatars, a factor known as truthfulness. Our experiment requires the participants to control three avatars using a third-person perspective: a robot, a suit and their virtual doppelganger (virtual representation of the self). In order to analyze users' reactions and strategies, each task of the scenario of the virtual reality application can potentially affect the integrity of their characters. Our results revealed that ownership, one of the three factors of the sense of embodiment, is higher for the participants controlling their self-representation than with abstract representations. Furthermore, avatar visual fidelity seems to affect users' subjective experience, half of the panel reported having different behavior depending on the controlled character. Abstract representations allow the users to adopt more risky behaviors, while self-representations maintain a connection with the real world and encourage users to preserve the integrity of their avatar.

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Section: Embodimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Embodimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Robot to Virtual Doppelganger: Impact of Visual Fidelity of Avatars Controlled in Third-Person Perspective on Embodiment and Behavior in Immersive Virtual Environments

et al. 2019

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“…Related to our subject of study, we can point out the two following papers: Normand et al (2011) and Piryankova et al (2014) that consider embodiment of participants with avatars of considerably different size with respect to their physical bodies.…”

Section: Virtual Body Ownership Illusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Normand et al (2011), male participants were seated at a table and embodied in a virtual body with a considerable belly. The authors showed that synchronous visuotactile stimulations on the virtual and the real belly induced a perception of a bigger real belly on participants.…”

Section: Virtual Body Ownership Illusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a somewhat similar setup, Piryankova et al (2014) showed that women can experience ownership of a whole virtual body that is considerably larger or smaller than their real body. Unlike Normand et al (2011), where the estimation of participants' body size was carried out by the participants themselves in the virtual environment (by adjusting the size of the avatar's belly), in Piryankova et al (2014) the size estimation was carried out by two different measures: an affordance estimation (users had to adjust the distance between two poles so that they can pass through them) and a body size estimation (users saw a virtual body from a third person perspective and could adjust its size).…”

Section: Virtual Body Ownership Illusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Being Embodied in an Obese Virtual Body on Shopping Behavior and Products Perception in VR

et al. 2018

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Research in Virtual Reality (VR) showed that embodiment can influence participants' perceptions and behavior when embodied in a different yet plausible virtual body. In this paper, we study the changes an obese virtual body has on products perception (e.g., taste, etc.) and purchase behavior (e.g., number purchased) in an immersive virtual retail store. Participants (of a normal BMI on average) were embodied in a normal (N) or an obese (OB) virtual body and were asked to buy and evaluate food products in the immersive virtual store. Based on stereotypes that are classically associated with obese people, we expected that the group embodied in obese avatars would show a more unhealthy diet, (i.e., buy more food products and also buy more products with high energy intake, or saturated fat) and would rate unhealthy food as being tastier and healthier than participants embodied in “normal weight” avatars. Our participants also rated the perception of their virtual body: the OB group perceived their virtual body as significantly heavier and older. They also rated their sense of embodiment and presence within the immersive virtual store. These measures did not show any significant difference between groups. Finally, we asked them to rate different food products in terms of tastiness, healthiness, sustainability and price. The only difference we noticed is that participants embodied in an obese avatar (OB group) rated the coke as being significantly tastier and the apple as being significantly healthier. Nevertheless, while we hypothesized that participants embodied in a virtual body with obesity would show differences in their shopping patterns (e.g., more “unhealthy” products bought) there were no significant differences between the groups. Stereotype activation failed for our participants embodied in obese avatars, who did not exhibit a shopping behavior following the (negative) stereotypes related to obese people. conversely, while the opposite hypothesis (participants embodied in obese avatars would buy significantly more healthy products in order to “transform” their virtual bodies) could have been made, it was not the case either. We discuss these results and propose hypotheses as to why the behavior of the manipulated group differed from the one we expected. Indeed, unlike previous research, our participants were embodied in virtual avatars which differed greatly from their real bodies. Obese avatars should not only modify users' visual characteristics such as hair or skin color, etc. We hypothesize that an obese virtual body may require some other non-visual stimulus, e.g., the sensation of the extra weight or the change in body size. This main difference could then explain why we did not notice any important modification on participants' behavior and perceptions of food products. We also hypothesize that the absence of stereotype activation and thus of statistical difference between our N and OB groups might be due to higher-level cognitive processes involved while purchasing food p...

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The sense of agency in emerging technologies for human–computer integration: A review

et al. 2022

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Human–computer integration is an emerging area in which the boundary between humans and technology is blurred as users and computers work collaboratively and share agency to execute tasks. The sense of agency (SoA) is an experience that arises by a combination of a voluntary motor action and sensory evidence whether the corresponding body movements have somehow influenced the course of external events. The SoA is not only a key part of our experiences in daily life but also in our interaction with technology as it gives us the feeling of “I did that” as opposed to “the system did that,” thus supporting a feeling of being in control. This feeling becomes critical with human–computer integration, wherein emerging technology directly influences people’s body, their actions, and the resulting outcomes. In this review, we analyse and classify current integration technologies based on what we currently know about agency in the literature, and propose a distinction between body augmentation, action augmentation, and outcome augmentation. For each category, we describe agency considerations and markers of differentiation that illustrate a relationship between assistance level (low, high), agency delegation (human, technology), and integration type (fusion, symbiosis). We conclude with a reflection on the opportunities and challenges of integrating humans with computers, and finalise with an expanded definition of human–computer integration including agency aspects which we consider to be particularly relevant. The aim this review is to provide researchers and practitioners with guidelines to situate their work within the integration research agenda and consider the implications of any technologies on SoA, and thus overall user experience when designing future technology.

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Body Change Illusion Questionnaire

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

From Robot to Virtual Doppelganger: Impact of Visual Fidelity of Avatars Controlled in Third-Person Perspective on Embodiment and Behavior in Immersive Virtual Environments

From Robot to Virtual Doppelganger: Impact of Visual Fidelity of Avatars Controlled in Third-Person Perspective on Embodiment and Behavior in Immersive Virtual Environments

Influence of Being Embodied in an Obese Virtual Body on Shopping Behavior and Products Perception in VR

The sense of agency in emerging technologies for human–computer integration: A review

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