Body Build and Hypertension

Robinson, Sam

doi:10.1001/archinte.1940.00190140101006

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This is re¯ected in the higher prevalence of ALT in immortalized cell lines (*46% ALT, many of which are ®broblastic in origin) compared with tumor-derived cell lines (*5% ALT, mostly carcinomas) . Of 210 sarcomas included in six published reports, 56% were telomerase-negative (Aogi et al, 2000;BoveÂ e et al, 2001;Scheel et al, 2001;Schneider-Stock et al, 1999;Yan et al, 1999;Yoo and Robinson, 2000). Mesenchymal compartments mostly have slower cell turnover and less telomere shortening than in many epithelia, and may therefore repress telomerase more tightly.…”

Section: Significance Of Alt In Human Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative lengthening of telomeres in mammalian cells

et al. 2002

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Some immortalized mammalian cell lines and tumors maintain or increase the overall length of their telomeres in the absence of telomerase activity by one or more mechanisms referred to as alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). Characteristics of human ALT cells include great heterogeneity of telomere size (ranging from undetectable to abnormally long) within individual cells, and ALT-associated PML bodies (APBs) that contain extrachromosomal telomeric DNA, telomere-speci®c binding proteins, and proteins involved in DNA recombination and replication. Activation of ALT during immortalization involves recessive mutations in genes that are as yet unidenti®ed. Repressors of ALT activity are present in normal cells and some telomerase-positive cells. Telomere length dynamics in ALT cells suggest a recombinational mechanism. Inter-telomeric copying occurs, consistent with a mechanism in which singlestranded DNA at one telomere terminus invades another telomere and uses it as a copy template resulting in net increase in telomeric sequence. It is possible that t-loops, linear and/or circular extrachromosomal telomeric DNA, and the proteins found in APBs, may be involved in the mechanism. ALT and telomerase activity can co-exist within cultured cells, and within tumors. The existence of ALT adds some complexity to proposed uses of telomererelated parameters in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and poses challenges for the design of anticancer therapeutics designed to inhibit telomere maintenance.

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Section: Significance Of Alt In Human Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative lengthening of telomeres in mammalian cells

et al. 2002

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“…21 Only in a subgroup of normotensive subjects did Berglund et al 28 find a positive association. The importance of the site of biopsy relative to pathological states is suggested by the data of Kissebah et al 11 In a study of adipose tissue morphology, fat patterning, and metabolic profiles, they noted increased fat cell size in the abdominal region in subjects with upper body compared with lower body obesity, and highly significant correlations between fat cell size and glucose (r = 0.41) and insulin (r = 0.87) responses to a glucose challenge. On the other hand, fat cell size determined from a thigh biopsy specimen was not significantly different between groups with upper and lower fat patterns and was not associated with the metabolic parameters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative contribution of body fat and fat pattern to blood pressure level.

Weinsier¹,

Norris²,

Birch³

et al. 1985

Hypertension

114

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SUMMARY Although the association between body weight and blood pressure is irrefutable, body fat mass and blood pressure level may not necessarily be directly related. To clarify the relative contribution of fat mass to blood pressure level, we analyzed data on 399 adults consecutively entering a weight control program. Although most subjects were notably overweight (mean ideal body weight 177%), the population represented a wide spectrum of body weights and blood pressure levels. Study parameters included body fat mass (by total body water, 40 K, and Steinkamp formula), lean body mass, body build (chest to height ratio), fat cell number and size from bilateral buttock biopsy specimens, upper fat pattern by arm to thigh circumference ratio, and central fat pattern by subscapular to triceps skinfold ratio. Our results concurred with previously noted correlations between obesity and blood pressure (as mean arterial pressure): weight (r = 0.44), percentage of body fat (r = 0.19), and absolute fat mass (r = 0.38; all p < 0.01); however, lean body mass, age, and body build correlated highly with both fat mass and mean arterial pressure, thereby confounding this relationship. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the relative contribution of fat mass to mean arterial pressure in the presence of these and other potentially confounding variables. Lean body mass, age, body build, and an upper body fat pattern were found to contribute significantly to the variation in mean arterial pressure (p < 0.01). In their presence, percentage of body fat, absolute fat mass, central fat pattern, fat cell characteristics, and age of onset of obesity did not significantly improve the predictability of mean arterial pressure. Thus, blood pressure level may be related to the aforementioned correlates of obesity and to body fat pattern rather than to fat mass per se. (Hypertension 7: 578-585, 1985) KEY WORDS • obesity, blood pressure • lean body mass • fat pattern • body build fat cell number and size • weight • hypertension C ONSIDERABLE epidemiological and clinical evidence exists to support an association between obesity and hypertension. The increased prevalence of obesity among hypertensive subjects' and hypertension among the obese 2 is well documented. In addition, prospective trials

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“…Indices of skeletal body build with regard to blood pressure were only occasionally investigated. 27,28 This study was to our knowledge the ®rst using MIX. Research into associations of blood pressure with measures of thorax dimensions and body height to delineate body build date back to the 1940's.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, body fat distribution and body build: Their relation to blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension

et al. 1998

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the relation of skeletal body build and obesity to blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data obtained from the baseline recruitment of the EPIC-Potsdam Study, which is part of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). SUBJECTS: A total of 10 303 subjects (4387 men, aged 40 ± 65 y and 5916 women, aged 35 ± 65 y) were recruited between January 1995 and July 1996. MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometric measures included body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and metrik index (MIX) as a measure of body build that is derived from the relation of chest depth and breadth to body height. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was obtained using automatic oscillometric devices. Hypertension was de®ned as blood pressure !160a95 mmHg or current use of antihypertensive medication. Information on lifestyle factors were obtained by personal interview. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Logistic regression was used to de®ne the association of categories of BMI, WHR, and MIX and the prevalence of hypertension. Odds ratios (ORs) of being hypertensive were estimated comparing the highest to the lowest quintile, adjusting for age, smoking status, alcohol intake level, educational attainment, physical activity categories, and each of the anthropometric variables. RESULTS: The simultaneously adjusted OR of being hypertensive, comparing the highest vs the lowest category, was for BMI 2.3 (95% con®dence interval (CI) 1.6 ± 3.2) in men and 1.8 (95% CI 1.4 ± 2.5) in women, for WHR 1.8 (95% CI 1.4 ± 2.4) in men and 1.5 (95% CI 1.2 ± 2.0) in women, and for MIX (largest chest size vs lowest chest size relative to body height) 2.0 (95% CI 1.4 ± 2.8) in men and 2.2 (95% CI 1.6 ± 3.1) in women. CONCLUSION: In addition to measures of overall obesity (BMI) as well as central obesity (WHR), skeletal body build (MIX) was independently associated with the prevalence of hypertension. The biological mechanism relating MIX to hypertension, however, is still unclear and needs further exploration.

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Body Build and Hypertension

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

Alternative lengthening of telomeres in mammalian cells

Alternative lengthening of telomeres in mammalian cells

The relative contribution of body fat and fat pattern to blood pressure level.

Obesity, body fat distribution and body build: Their relation to blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension

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