Body‐Attachable and Stretchable Multisensors Integrated with Wirelessly Rechargeable Energy Storage Devices

Abstract

A stretchable multisensor system is successfully demonstrated with an integrated energy-storage device, an array of microsupercapacitors that can be repeatedly charged via a wireless radio-frequency power receiver on the same stretchable polymer substrate. The integrated devices are interconnected by a liquid-metal interconnection and operate stably without noticeable performance degradation under strain due to the skin attachment, and a uniaxial strain up to 50%.

Nanomaterial‐Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare

“…In another example, a supercapacitor array connected with a RF power receiver was incorporated into a sensor system containing a strain sensor and a UV/NO 2 sensor to realize a stretchable (50%) and wirelessly rechargeable sensor system. [31] With the AgNW/PDMS stretchable conductors, [24] our group has recently demonstrated a wearable chest patch (Figure 8a) that integrated three AgNW/PDMS dry electrodes, a AgNW/ Ecoflex/AgNW capacitive strain sensor, and a AgNW/PDMS based interdigitated skin hydration sensor. [42] Other components including a battery, data processing units, and a Bluetooth module were also integrated with the patch to enable wireless and concurrent monitoring of ECG, body movements, and skin hydration.…”

“…For wearable photodetectors, various materials such as crumpled graphene-AuNPs, [177] ZnO nanostructures, [82,178,179] rGO/ PVDF-TrFE nanocomposites, [180] MoS 2 /WS 2 heterojunction arrays, [181] Zn 2 SnO 4 NWs, [182] SnO 2 NWs [31,183] were employed for the detection of UV, [31,82,178,179,182,183] infrared (IR), [180] or other light illumination, [177,181] based on the principle that light illumination can excite more electrons into the conduction band generating photocurrent. [31] In particular, a crumpled …”

“…In a CNT/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fiber based resistive sensors, high humidity level can swell the filament, decrease the intertube distance of CNTs and thus decrease the resistance of the CNT/PVA fibers. [55] To track the gas concentration for personal wellness and security surveillance, wearable gas sensors based on graphene, [32] rGO, [45,173] ZnO NPs, [174] AgNW-graphene, [175] CNT/SnO 2 NW hybrid film, [31] and polypyrrole NPs [176] were developed to detect the concentration of gases such as nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), [31,32,173] ammonia (NH 3 ), [176] hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), [45] hydrogen (H 2 ), [45] ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH), [45,174] acetic acid (CH 3 COOH), [176] dimethyl methylphosphonate (C 3 H 9 O 3 P, DMMP), [175] acetone (CH 3 COCH 3 ), [175] methanol (CH 3 OH), [175] and tetradecane (C 14 H 30 ). [175] Increase or decrease in resistance is typically detected, depending on whether the gaseous stimulus is an electron donator or an electron acceptor.…”

“…Nanomaterial-based wearable sensors can be fabricated using all intrinsically flexible/stretchable materials, [29] or can be integrated by bridging the relative stiff components with highly deformable interconnects. [30][31][32] Deformation of the interconnects can absorb most of the strain and impart the nanomaterial-based sensors with large stretchability. For detailed description of structural designs, we refer the readers to several recently published review papers.…”

Fully printable, strain-engineered electronic wrap for customizable soft electronics

“…In conjunction with advanced material assemblies1234, well-designed architectures5678, and theoretical backgrounds910, electronic units nowadays can be attached to human skin and functionally operated under skin-like deformation without any electrical or mechanical failure, providing a new paradigm of electronics in a wearable, skin-conformable form. Promising technologies have been developed to enable a new class of applications such as imperceptible, long-term monitoring of individual’s activity1112131415, noninvasive control/measurement of clinical information such as blood1617, perspiration1819, and even brain20, and motion-activated user-interfaces121 in the form of electronic epidermis. The forefront of such technologies includes ultrathin patterned silicon devices5671113, imperceptible electronic foils12172223, and rigid island-embedded electronic systems141523.…”