Body and will, being an essay concerning will in its metaphysical, physiological, and pathological aspects.

11. The Rejection of Psychological Approaches to Mental Disorder in Late Nineteenth-Century British Psychiatry

“…. 77 But even when undertaken on the basis of adherence to the Jacksonian hypothesis of strict psychophysical parallelism, this did not in practice imply any very serious attempt to come to terms with abnormalpsychological phenomena as such, since (as we have already seen) mental and behavioral symptoms could not themselves constitute an acceptable scientific basis for interpretative knowledge-claims in medical psychology. the onset of the insanity is attended by active symptoms .…”

The Development of Child Psychiatry in 19th Century Britain*

“…The concept of evolution was employed mainly to define the opposite term of degeneration, a process that disease could follow over several generations. The lowest stage of degeneration was the "moral imbecile", characterized by a total defect ofthe moral faculties from birth and always associated with violent, mischievous and criminal acts (Maudsley, 1883).…”

“…According to Henry Maudsley, the most original and influential ofthe three (Lewis, 1951), the moral qualities are most liable to disease, as they are located in the most recently acquired parts ofthe brain, the cerebral cortex. They are 'the finest flowers of evolution, the finest function of mind to be affected at the beginning of mental derangement in the individual' (Maudsley, 1883).…”

The rule of moderation in late nineteenth‐century American sexual ideology

“…Maudsley denounced oppressive Christian theologians who, he believed, sought to condemn all the powers of instinctual life: "One can only wonder at the absurdly unpractical way in which theologians have declaimed against them, as though it were a good man's first duty to root them clean out of his nature, and as though it were their earnest aim to have a chastity of impotence, a morality of emasculation." 2 Although he was writing about all the drives, Maudsley chose sexual metaphors, more specifically metaphors of male castration anxiety, to vent his anger towards those whom he considered to be the oppressors. Despite their general concerns with what was to be self-repressed and what expressed, the advisors wrote more about sexual drives than about the control of hunger, aggression, or any other drives they saw as vital to life.…”